"Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Amin Emami, Hamid Falaki, Sensors, 24 (18), 2024. DOI: 10.3390/s24186022

Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.

@Article{s24186022,
AUTHOR = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Canellas, Ferran and Camps-Mur, Daniel and Emami, Amin and Falaki, Hamid},
TITLE = {Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {24},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {18},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {6022},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6022},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.},
DOI = {10.3390/s24186022},
impact = {(IF=3.4, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|6ginspire|5gclarity}}

"A LoRaWAN Architecture for Communications in Areas without Coverage: Design and Pilot Trials", Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Electronics, 11 (5), 2022. DOI: 10.3390/electronics11050804

This article proposes a system based on a long-distance communications system with low economic and energy costs that allows connectivity to be carried out independently from the existing cellular coverage in the area. In addition, it describes the design, development, implementation and analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN). Moreover, the system has been deployed as a prototype, and the behavior and scope of the system have been analyzed in various real environments: urban, rural and natural. The results obtained from the analysis show that the system is suitable for working in areas without coverage such as mountains.

@Article{electronics11050804,
AUTHOR = {Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose},
TITLE = {A LoRaWAN Architecture for Communications in Areas without Coverage: Design and Pilot Trials},
JOURNAL = {Electronics},
VOLUME = {11},
YEAR = {2022},
NUMBER = {5},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {804},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/5/804},
ISSN = {2079-9292},
ABSTRACT = {This article proposes a system based on a long-distance communications system with low economic and energy costs that allows connectivity to be carried out independently from the existing cellular coverage in the area. In addition, it describes the design, development, implementation and analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN). Moreover, the system has been deployed as a prototype, and the behavior and scope of the system have been analyzed in various real environments: urban, rural and natural. The results obtained from the analysis show that the system is suitable for working in areas without coverage such as mountains.},
DOI = {10.3390/electronics11050804},
impact = {(IF=2.9, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|true5g|artemis|premonition}
}

"A LoRaWAN Network Architecture with MQTT2MULTICAST", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Electronics, 11 (6), 2022. DOI: 10.3390/electronics11060872

In this work, an architecture for IoT networks oriented towards environmental sustainability is presented. Due to the suitability of its characteristics in terms of coverage, power and support of a large number of devices, an enhanced LoRaWAN network has been chosen as the basis for this proposal. The architecture is completed with the virtualization of the different LoRaWAN network entities and the usage of a software-defined network for their interconnection. The publication and subscription to environmental data is carried out by using the MQTT protocol. MQTT has been optimized thanks to the use of the SDN network and the use of edge computing resources, which allows multicasting of published data. Thanks to our developed MQTT2MULTICAST protocol, latency is improved by approx. 90% and the traffic load within the SDN network is reduced by 55%. An scalability analysis shows that this solution is able to support tens of thousands of LoRaWAN gateways. The proposed architecture has been implemented using commercial equipment as a proof of concept.

@Article{electronics11060872,
AUTHOR = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose},
TITLE = {A LoRaWAN Network Architecture with MQTT2MULTICAST},
JOURNAL = {Electronics},
VOLUME = {11},
YEAR = {2022},
NUMBER = {6},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {872},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/6/872},
ISSN = {2079-9292},
ABSTRACT = {In this work, an architecture for IoT networks oriented towards environmental sustainability is presented. Due to the suitability of its characteristics in terms of coverage, power and support of a large number of devices, an enhanced LoRaWAN network has been chosen as the basis for this proposal. The architecture is completed with the virtualization of the different LoRaWAN network entities and the usage of a software-defined network for their interconnection. The publication and subscription to environmental data is carried out by using the MQTT protocol. MQTT has been optimized thanks to the use of the SDN network and the use of edge computing resources, which allows multicasting of published data. Thanks to our developed MQTT2MULTICAST protocol, latency is improved by approx. 90% and the traffic load within the SDN network is reduced by 55%. An scalability analysis shows that this solution is able to support tens of thousands of LoRaWAN gateways. The proposed architecture has been implemented using commercial equipment as a proof of concept.},
DOI = {10.3390/electronics11060872},
impact = {(IF=2.9, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|true5g|artemis|premonition}
}

"Backhaul-Aware Dimensioning and Planning of Millimeter-Wave Small Cell Networks", Pablo Munoz, Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Pablo Ameigeiras, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Electronics, 9 (9), 2020. DOI: 10.3390/electronics9091429

The massive deployment of Small Cells (SCs) is increasingly being adopted by mobile operators to face the exponentially growing traffic demand. Using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band in the access and backhaul networks will be key to provide the capacity that meets such demand. However, dimensioning and planning have become complex tasks, because the capacity requirements for mmWave links can significantly vary with the SC location. In this work, we address the problem of SC planning considering the backhaul constraints, assuming that a line-of-sight (LOS) between the nodes is required to reliably support the traffic demand. Such a LOS condition reduces the set of potential site locations. Simulation results show that, under certain conditions, the proposed algorithm is effective in finding solutions and strongly efficient in computational cost when compared to exhaustive search approaches.

@article{electronics9091429,
AUTHOR = {Munoz, Pablo and Adamuz-Hinojosa, Oscar and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.},
TITLE = {Backhaul-Aware Dimensioning and Planning of Millimeter-Wave Small Cell Networks},
JOURNAL = {Electronics},
VOLUME = {9},
YEAR = {2020},
month=9,
NUMBER = {9},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {1429},
ISSN = {2079-9292},
ABSTRACT = {The massive deployment of Small Cells (SCs) is increasingly being adopted by mobile operators to face the exponentially growing traffic demand. Using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band in the access and backhaul networks will be key to provide the capacity that meets such demand. However, dimensioning and planning have become complex tasks, because the capacity requirements for mmWave links can significantly vary with the SC location. In this work, we address the problem of SC planning considering the backhaul constraints, assuming that a line-of-sight (LOS) between the nodes is required to reliably support the traffic demand. Such a LOS condition reduces the set of potential site locations. Simulation results show that, under certain conditions, the proposed algorithm is effective in finding solutions and strongly efficient in computational cost when compared to exhaustive search approaches.},
DOI = {10.3390/electronics9091429},
impact = {(IF=2.397, Q3)},
project = {5gclarity|true5g}
}

"A Survey on 5G Usage Scenarios and Traffic Models", J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Romero-Diaz, S. Sendra, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 22 (2), pp. 905-929, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2020.2971781

@Article{8985528,  author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and P. {Romero-Diaz} and S. {Sendra} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  journal={{IEEE} Communications Surveys Tutorials}, title={A Survey on 5G Usage Scenarios and Traffic Models}, year={2020}, month=2, volume={22}, number={2}, pages={905-929}, doi={10.1109/COMST.2020.2971781}, project="artemis|5gclarity|5gcity", impact = {(IF=23.7, Q1)}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/59687}}

"Harmonizing 3GPP and NFV Description Models: Providing Customized RAN Slices in 5G Networks", O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, P. Munoz, J. Ordonez-Lucena, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 14 (4), pp. 64-75, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2019.2936168

The standardization of radio access networks (RANs) in mobile networks has traditionally been led by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, the emergence of RAN slicing has introduced new aspects that fall outside the 3GPP scope. Among them, network virtualization enables the particularization of multiple behaviors over a common physical infrastructure. Using virtualized network functions (VNFs) that comprise customized radio functionalities, each virtualized RAN (i.e., RAN slice) could meet its specific requirements. Although the 3GPP specifies the description model to manage RAN slices, it can neither particularize the behavior of a RAN slice nor leverage the network function virtualization (NFV) descriptors to define how its VNFs can accommodate its spatial and temporal traffic demands. In this article, we propose a description model that harmonizes 3GPP and the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)-NFV Group viewpoints to manage RAN slices. The proposed model enables the translation of RAN slice requirements into customized, virtualized radio functionalities defined through NFV descriptors. To clarify this proposal, we provide an example describing three RAN slices with disruptive requirements following our solution.

@ARTICLE{8854309,  author={O. {Adamuz-Hinojosa} and P. {Munoz} and J. {Ordonez-Lucena} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  journal={IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine},   title={Harmonizing 3GPP and NFV Description Models: Providing Customized RAN Slices in 5G Networks},   year={2019},  volume={14},  number={4},  pages={64-75},  abstract={The standardization of radio access networks (RANs) in mobile networks has traditionally been led by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, the emergence of RAN slicing has introduced new aspects that fall outside the 3GPP scope. Among them, network virtualization enables the particularization of multiple behaviors over a common physical infrastructure. Using virtualized network functions (VNFs) that comprise customized radio functionalities, each virtualized RAN (i.e., RAN slice) could meet its specific requirements. Although the 3GPP specifies the description model to manage RAN slices, it can neither particularize the behavior of a RAN slice nor leverage the network function virtualization (NFV) descriptors to define how its VNFs can accommodate its spatial and temporal traffic demands. In this article, we propose a description model that harmonizes 3GPP and the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)-NFV Group viewpoints to manage RAN slices. The proposed model enables the translation of RAN slice requirements into customized, virtualized radio functionalities defined through NFV descriptors. To clarify this proposal, we provide an example describing three RAN slices with disruptive requirements following our solution.},  keywords={3GPP;Biological system modeling;5G mobile communication;Virtualization;Vehicular and wireless technologies;Radio access networks},  doi={10.1109/MVT.2019.2936168},  ISSN={1556-6080},  month={Dec},impact={(IF=7.921, Q1)}, project={5gcity}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/68200}}

"Performance Modeling of Softwarized Network Services Based on Queuing Theory With Experimental Validation", J. Prados-Garzon, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Andres-Maldonado, J. M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 20 (4), pp. 1558-1573, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TMC.2019.2962488

@Article{8943161,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  journal={{IEEE} Transactions on Mobile Computing},   title={Performance Modeling of Softwarized Network Services Based on Queuing Theory With Experimental Validation},   year={2019}, month={12},  volume={20},  number={4},  pages={1558-1573},  doi={10.1109/TMC.2019.2962488}, project="5gclarity|5gcity", impact={(IF=5.112, Q1)}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/59700}}

"A LoRaWAN Testbed Design for Supporting Critical Situations: Prototype and Evaluation", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, Cristina Cervello-Pastor, Marisa Catalan, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2019, pp. 1-13, 2019. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1684906

The Internet of Things is one of the hottest topics in communications today, with current revenues of \&\#x24;151B, around 7 billion connected devices, and an unprecedented growth expected for next years. A massive number of sensors and actuators are expected to emerge, requiring new wireless technologies that can extend their battery life and can cover large areas. LoRaWAN is one of the most outstanding technologies which fulfill these demands, attracting the attention of both academia and industry. In this paper, the design of a LoRaWAN testbed to support critical situations, such as emergency scenarios or natural disasters, is proposed. This self-healing LoRaWAN network architecture will provide resilience when part of the equipment in the core network may become faulty. This resilience is achieved by virtualizing and properly orchestrating the different network entities. Different options have been designed and implemented as real prototypes. Based on our performance evaluation, we claim that the usage of microservice orchestration with several replicas of the LoRaWAN network entities and a load balancer produces an almost seamless recovery which makes it a proper solution to recover after a system crash caused by any catastrophic event.

@Article{Navarro-Ortiz2019,
author={Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge
and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.
and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.
and Cervello-Pastor, Cristina
and Catalan, Marisa},
title={A {LoRaWAN} Testbed Design for Supporting Critical Situations: Prototype and Evaluation},
journal={Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing},
year={2019},
month={Feb},
day={21},
publisher={Hindawi},
volume={2019},
pages={1-13},
abstract={The Internet of Things is one of the hottest topics in communications today, with current revenues of {\&}{\#}x24;151B, around 7 billion connected devices, and an unprecedented growth expected for next years. A massive number of sensors and actuators are expected to emerge, requiring new wireless technologies that can extend their battery life and can cover large areas. {LoRaWAN} is one of the most outstanding technologies which fulfill these demands, attracting the attention of both academia and industry. In this paper, the design of a {LoRaWAN} testbed to support critical situations, such as emergency scenarios or natural disasters, is proposed. This self-healing {LoRaWAN} network architecture will provide resilience when part of the equipment in the core network may become faulty. This resilience is achieved by virtualizing and properly orchestrating the different network entities. Different options have been designed and implemented as real prototypes. Based on our performance evaluation, we claim that the usage of microservice orchestration with several replicas of the {LoRaWAN} network entities and a load balancer produces an almost seamless recovery which makes it a proper solution to recover after a system crash caused by any catastrophic event.},
issn={1530-8669},
doi={10.1155/2019/1684906},
pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/59786},
impact={(IF=1.819, Q3)},
project={5gcity}
}

"Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Jose Ordonez-Lucena, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Diego Lopez, Jesus Folgueira, IEEE Communications Magazine, 56 (7), pp. 162-169, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1701336

Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. To this end, automation is key. In search of this automation, ETSI has defined a reference NFV framework that makes use of model-driven templates called NSDs to operate network services. For the scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among which a network service instance can be resized throughout its life cycle. Thus, the design of these levels is key for ensuring effective scaling. In this article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative network service. This NSD includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to automatically scale this network service. Then we show the different scaling procedures the NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally, we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing the scaling operation.

@ARTICLE{OscarScaling2018,
  author={Adamuz-Hinojosa, Oscar and Ordonez-Lucena, Jose and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Lopez, Diego and Folgueira, Jesus},
  journal={IEEE Communications Magazine},
  title={Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow},
  year={2018},
  volume={56},
  number={7},
  pages={162-169},
  abstract={Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. To this end, automation is key. In search of this automation, ETSI has defined a reference NFV framework that makes use of model-driven templates called NSDs to operate network services. For the scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among which a network service instance can be resized throughout its life cycle. Thus, the design of these levels is key for ensuring effective scaling. In this article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative network service. This NSD includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to automatically scale this network service. Then we show the different scaling procedures the NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally, we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing the scaling operation.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/MCOM.2018.1701336},
  ISSN={1558-1896},
  month={July},
  impact = {(IF=10.356, Q1)},
  project={5gcity}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/68205}
}

"Modeling and Dimensioning of a Virtualized MME for 5G Mobile Networks", J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, P. Andres-Maldonado, J. M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66 (5), pp. 4383-4395, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2016.2608942

Network function virtualization is considered one of the key technologies for developing future mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to evaluate the performance of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) virtualized mobility management entity (vMME) hosted in a data center. This theoretical framework consists of 1) a queuing network to model the vMME in a data center and 2) analytic expressions to estimate the overall mean system delay and the signaling workload to be processed by the vMME. We validate our mathematical model by simulation. One direct use of the proposed model is vMME dimensioning, i.e., to compute the number of vMME processing instances to provide a target system delay given the number of users in the system. Additionally, the paper includes a scalability analysis of the system. In our study, we consider the billing model and a data center setup of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud service and estimate the processing time of MME processing instances for different LTE control procedures experimentally. For the considered setup, our results show that the vMME is scalable for signaling workloads up to 37 000 LTE control procedures per second for a target mean system delay of 1 ms. The system design and database performance assumed imposes this limit in the system scalability.

@ARTICLE{7565650,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  journal={IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},   title={Modeling and Dimensioning of a Virtualized MME for 5G Mobile Networks},   year={2017},  volume={66},  number={5},  pages={4383-4395},  abstract={Network function virtualization is considered one of the key technologies for developing future mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to evaluate the performance of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) virtualized mobility management entity (vMME) hosted in a data center. This theoretical framework consists of 1) a queuing network to model the vMME in a data center and 2) analytic expressions to estimate the overall mean system delay and the signaling workload to be processed by the vMME. We validate our mathematical model by simulation. One direct use of the proposed model is vMME dimensioning, i.e., to compute the number of vMME processing instances to provide a target system delay given the number of users in the system. Additionally, the paper includes a scalability analysis of the system. In our study, we consider the billing model and a data center setup of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud service and estimate the processing time of MME processing instances for different LTE control procedures experimentally. For the considered setup, our results show that the vMME is scalable for signaling workloads up to 37 000 LTE control procedures per second for a target mean system delay of 1 ms. The system design and database performance assumed imposes this limit in the system scalability.},  keywords={Computational modeling;Delays;Scalability;Mathematical model;Mobile radio mobility management;Data models;Evolved packet core (EPC);fifth generation (5G);network functions virtualization (NFV);scalability;virtualization;virtualized mobility management entity (vMME)},  doi={10.1109/TVT.2016.2608942},  ISSN={1939-9359},  month={May},impact={(IF=4.432, Q1)}}

"Interference Bound for Local Channel Allocation", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, Wireless Personal Communications, 92 (4), pp. 1559-1574, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s11277-016-3621-1

A lower bound of the total co-channel interference is proposed for the channel allocation problem when applied to a reduced set of nodes. The rest of the network nodes remain unaffected. This bound is independent of the particular channel allocation algorithm employed and no assumptions are made about the propagation model or the deployment scenario. Assuming that the bound is tight to the interference generated by the optimal channel allocation, its computation may help, for example, to estimate the minimum set of nodes for which channel allocation performs nearly-optimal while minimizing node reconfigurations. Another example of usage is the estimation of the minimum number of channels required for a given performance. The tightness of the proposed bound is evaluated through simulations, with a difference lower than 1\^A \% in the conducted simulations. In addition, a sample use case\^a\texteuro''adaptive local channel allocation\^a\texteuro''is also provided.

@Article{Navarro-Ortiz2017,
author={Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge
and Ameigeiras, Pablo
and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.
and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan
and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.},
title={Interference Bound for Local Channel Allocation},
journal={Wireless Personal Communications},
year={2017},
month={Feb},
day={01},
volume={92},
number={4},
pages={1559-1574},
abstract={A lower bound of the total co-channel interference is proposed for the channel allocation problem when applied to a reduced set of nodes. The rest of the network nodes remain unaffected. This bound is independent of the particular channel allocation algorithm employed and no assumptions are made about the propagation model or the deployment scenario. Assuming that the bound is tight to the interference generated by the optimal channel allocation, its computation may help, for example, to estimate the minimum set of nodes for which channel allocation performs nearly-optimal while minimizing node reconfigurations. Another example of usage is the estimation of the minimum number of channels required for a given performance. The tightness of the proposed bound is evaluated through simulations, with a difference lower than 1{\^A} {\%} in the conducted simulations. In addition, a sample use case{\^a}{\texteuro}''adaptive local channel allocation{\^a}{\texteuro}''is also provided.},
issn={1572-834X},
doi={10.1007/s11277-016-3621-1},
impact={(IF=1.200, Q4)}
}

"Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures, and Challenges", Jose Ordonez-Lucena, Pablo Ameigeiras, Diego Lopez, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Javier Lorca, Jesus Folgueira, IEEE Communications Magazine, 55 (5), pp. 80-87, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600935

@ARTICLE{7926921,
  author={Ordonez-Lucena, Jose and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Lopez, Diego and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Lorca, Javier and Folgueira, Jesus},
  journal={IEEE Communications Magazine},
  title={Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures, and Challenges},
  year={2017},
  volume={55},
  number={5},
  pages={80-87},
  doi={10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600935},
  impact={(IF=9.270, Q1)}, project={5gcity}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/45368}}

"Virtualized MME Design for IoT Support in 5G Systems", Pilar Andres-Maldonado, Pablo Ameigeiras, Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, Sensors, 16 (8), 2016. DOI: 10.3390/s16081338

Cellular systems are recently being considered an option to provide support to the Internet of Things (IoT). To enable this support, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced new procedures specifically targeted for cellular IoT. With one of these procedures, the transmissions of small and infrequent data packets from/to the devices are encapsulated in signaling messages and sent through the control plane. However, these transmissions from/to a massive number of devices may imply a major increase of the processing load on the control plane entities of the network and in particular on the Mobility Management Entity (MME). In this paper, we propose two designs of an MME based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) that aim at facilitating the IoT support. The first proposed design partially separates the processing resources dedicated to each traffic class. The second design includes traffic shaping to control the traffic of each class. We consider three classes: Mobile Broadband (MBB), low latency Machine to Machine communications (lM2M) and delay-tolerant M2M communications. Our proposals enable reducing the processing resources and, therefore, the cost. Additionally, results show that the proposed designs lessen the impact between classes, so they ease the compliance of the delay requirements of MBB and lM2M communications.

@Article{s16081338,
AUTHOR = {Andres-Maldonado, Pilar and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
TITLE = {Virtualized MME Design for IoT Support in 5G Systems},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {16},
YEAR = {2016},
NUMBER = {8},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {1338},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/8/1338},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Cellular systems are recently being considered an option to provide support to the Internet of Things (IoT). To enable this support, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced new procedures specifically targeted for cellular IoT. With one of these procedures, the transmissions of small and infrequent data packets from/to the devices are encapsulated in signaling messages and sent through the control plane. However, these transmissions from/to a massive number of devices may imply a major increase of the processing load on the control plane entities of the network and in particular on the Mobility Management Entity (MME). In this paper, we propose two designs of an MME based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) that aim at facilitating the IoT support. The first proposed design partially separates the processing resources dedicated to each traffic class. The second design includes traffic shaping to control the traffic of each class. We consider three classes: Mobile Broadband (MBB), low latency Machine to Machine communications (lM2M) and delay-tolerant M2M communications. Our proposals enable reducing the processing resources and, therefore, the cost. Additionally, results show that the proposed designs lessen the impact between classes, so they ease the compliance of the delay requirements of MBB and lM2M communications.},
DOI = {10.3390/s16081338},impact={(IF=2.677, Q1)}}

"Link-level access cloud architecture design based on SDN for 5G networks", P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-munoz, L. Schumacher, J. Prados-Garzon, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. M. Lopez-soler, IEEE Network, 29 (2), pp. 24-31, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/MNET.2015.7064899

@Article{7064899,  author={P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-munoz} and L. {Schumacher} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. M. {Lopez-soler}},  journal={{IEEE} Network},   title={Link-level access cloud architecture design based on SDN for 5G networks},   year={2015},  volume={29},  number={2},  pages={24-31},  doi={10.1109/MNET.2015.7064899}, impact={(IF=2.899, Q1)}}

"Characteristics of mobile youtube traffic", J. J. Ramos-munoz, J. Prados-Garzon, P. Ameigeiras, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. M. Lopez-soler, IEEE Wireless Communications, 21 (1), pp. 18-25, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2014.6757893

@Article{6757893,  author={J. J. {Ramos-munoz} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. M. {Lopez-soler}},  journal={{IEEE} Wireless Communications},   title={Characteristics of mobile youtube traffic},   year={2014},  volume={21},  number={1},  pages={18-25},  doi={10.1109/MWC.2014.6757893}, impact={(IF=6.524, Q1)}}

"Removing redundant TCP functionalities in wired-cum-wireless networks with IEEE 802.11e HCCA support", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, International Journal of Communication Systems, 27 (11), pp. 3352-3367, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.2546

SUMMARY The TCP was originally designed for wired networks, assuming transmission errors were negligible. Actually, any acknowledgment time-out unconditionally triggers the congestion control mechanism, even in wireless networks in which this assumption is not valid. Consequently, in wireless networks, TCP performance significantly degrades. To avoid this degradation, this paper proposes the so-called split TCP and UDP. In this approach, the access point splits the TCP connection and uses a customized and lighter transport protocol for the wireless segment. It takes advantage of the IEEE 802.11e Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) mechanisms to remove redundant TCP functionalities. Specifically, the HCCA scheduler allows disabling of the congestion control in the wireless link. Similarly, the IEEE 802.11e error control service makes possible to eliminate TCP acknowledgments, therefore reducing the TCP protocol overhead. Finally, the usage of an HCCA scheduler permits providing fairness among the different data flows. The proposed split scheme is evaluated via extensive simulations. Results show that split TCP and User Datagram Protocol outperforms the analyzed TCP flavors specifically designed for wireless environments and the split TCP solution, achieving up to 95\% of end-user throughput gain. Furthermore, the proposed solution is TCP friendly because TCP flows are not degraded by the presence of flows by using this approach. Copyright 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.

@Article{redundanttcp,
author = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.},
title = {Removing redundant TCP functionalities in wired-cum-wireless networks with {IEEE} 802.11e HCCA support},
journal = {International Journal of Communication Systems},
volume = {27},
number = {11},
pages = {3352-3367},
keywords = {802.11e, HCCA, performance enhancing proxy, TCP},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.2546},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dac.2546},
abstract = {SUMMARY The TCP was originally designed for wired networks, assuming transmission errors were negligible. Actually, any acknowledgment time-out unconditionally triggers the congestion control mechanism, even in wireless networks in which this assumption is not valid. Consequently, in wireless networks, TCP performance significantly degrades. To avoid this degradation, this paper proposes the so-called split TCP and UDP. In this approach, the access point splits the TCP connection and uses a customized and lighter transport protocol for the wireless segment. It takes advantage of the {IEEE} 802.11e Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) mechanisms to remove redundant TCP functionalities. Specifically, the HCCA scheduler allows disabling of the congestion control in the wireless link. Similarly, the {IEEE} 802.11e error control service makes possible to eliminate TCP acknowledgments, therefore reducing the TCP protocol overhead. Finally, the usage of an HCCA scheduler permits providing fairness among the different data flows. The proposed split scheme is evaluated via extensive simulations. Results show that split TCP and User Datagram Protocol outperforms the analyzed TCP flavors specifically designed for wireless environments and the split TCP solution, achieving up to 95\% of end-user throughput gain. Furthermore, the proposed solution is TCP friendly because TCP flows are not degraded by the presence of flows by using this approach. Copyright 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
year = {2014},
impact={(IF=1.463, Q3)}
}

"Analysis and modelling of YouTube traffic", Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, J.M. Lopez-Soler, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 23 (4), pp. 360-377, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.2546

ABSTRACT YouTube currently accounts for a significant percentage of the Internet's global traffic. Hence, understanding the characteristics of the YouTube traffic generation pattern can provide a significant advantage in predicting user video quality and in enhancing network design. In this paper, we present a characterisation of the traffic generated by YouTube when accessed from a regular PC. On the basis of this characterisation, a YouTube server traffic generation model is proposed, which, for example, can be easily implemented in simulation tools. The derived characterisation and model are based on experimental evaluations of traffic generated by the application layer of YouTube servers. A YouTube server commences the download with an initial burst and later throttles down the generation rate. If the available bandwidth is reduced (e.g. in the presence of network congestion), the server behaves as if the data excess that cannot be transmitted because of the reduced bandwidth were accumulated at a server's buffer, which is later drained if the bandwidth availability is recovered. As we will show, the video clip encoding rate plays a relevant role in determining the traffic generation rate, and therefore, a cumulative density function for the most viewed video clips will be presented. The proposed traffic generation model was implemented in a YouTube emulation server, and the generated synthetic traffic traces were compared with downloads from the original YouTube server. The results show that the relative error between downloads from the emulation server and the original server does not exceed 6\% for the 90\% of the considered videos. Copyright 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.

@Article{analysisyoutube,
author = {Ameigeiras, Pablo and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Lopez-Soler, J.M.},
title = {Analysis and modelling of YouTube traffic},
journal = {Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {360-377},
keywords = {YouTube, YouTube traffic generation, progressive download, YouTube data rate, YouTube application flow control, progressive download traffic generation},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.2546},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ett.2546},
abstract = {ABSTRACT YouTube currently accounts for a significant percentage of the Internet's global traffic. Hence, understanding the characteristics of the YouTube traffic generation pattern can provide a significant advantage in predicting user video quality and in enhancing network design. In this paper, we present a characterisation of the traffic generated by YouTube when accessed from a regular PC. On the basis of this characterisation, a YouTube server traffic generation model is proposed, which, for example, can be easily implemented in simulation tools. The derived characterisation and model are based on experimental evaluations of traffic generated by the application layer of YouTube servers. A YouTube server commences the download with an initial burst and later throttles down the generation rate. If the available bandwidth is reduced (e.g. in the presence of network congestion), the server behaves as if the data excess that cannot be transmitted because of the reduced bandwidth were accumulated at a server's buffer, which is later drained if the bandwidth availability is recovered. As we will show, the video clip encoding rate plays a relevant role in determining the traffic generation rate, and therefore, a cumulative density function for the most viewed video clips will be presented. The proposed traffic generation model was implemented in a YouTube emulation server, and the generated synthetic traffic traces were compared with downloads from the original YouTube server. The results show that the relative error between downloads from the emulation server and the original server does not exceed 6\% for the 90\% of the considered videos. Copyright 2012 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
year = {2012},
impact={(IF=1.05, Q4)}
}

"A Simple Model for Predicting the Number and Duration of Rebuffering Events for YouTube Flows", P. Ameigeiras, A. Azcona-Rivas, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Communications Letters, 16 (2), pp. 278-280, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2011.121311.111682

@Article{6109192,  author={P. {Ameigeiras} and A. {Azcona-Rivas} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  journal={{IEEE} Communications Letters},   title={A Simple Model for Predicting the Number and Duration of Rebuffering Events for YouTube Flows},   year={2012},  volume={16},  number={2},  pages={278-280},  doi={10.1109/LCOMM.2011.121311.111682}, impact={(IF=1.16, Q2)}}

"User-Level Quality Assessment of a Delay-Aware Packet Dropping Scheme for VoIP", Erika Patricia Alvarez-Flores, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, Network Protocols and Algorithms, 3 (3), pp. 38-66, 2011. DOI: 10.5296/npa.v3i3.1113

To deal with congestion control in internet protocol (IP) networks, different active queue management schemes have been successfully proposed. However, many of these schemes do not take into consideration the particular Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) requirements, thereby potentially penalizing this traffic. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a dropping packet selection algorithm for queue management schemes. This algorithm, called Drop-SwD, protects VoIP traffic without affecting other User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic. Additionally, to preserve the quality of the VoIP service, the proposed algorithm selects the lowest quality packets (with less impact on the subjective quality) to be dropped.The application of the algorithm in different active queue management schemes is evaluated using objective and subjective quality metrics and intelligibility metrics as well. As a result, we show that Drop-SwD improves the final quality of the voice packets flow, without degrading the performance of other traffic class, with respect to the packet dropping schemes of reference.

@Article{alvarezflores2011,
	title = {User-{Level} {Quality} {Assessment} of a {Delay}-{Aware} {Packet} {Dropping} {Scheme} for {VoIP}},
	volume = {3},
	copyright = {Copyright (c)},
	issn = {1943-3581},
	doi = {10.5296/npa.v3i3.1113},
	abstract = {To deal with congestion control in internet protocol (IP) networks, different active queue management schemes have been successfully proposed. However, many of these schemes do not take into consideration the particular Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) requirements, thereby potentially penalizing this traffic. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a dropping packet selection algorithm for queue management schemes. This algorithm, called Drop-SwD, protects VoIP traffic without affecting other User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic. Additionally, to preserve the quality of the VoIP service, the proposed algorithm selects the lowest quality packets (with less impact on the subjective quality) to be dropped.The application of the algorithm in different active queue management schemes is evaluated using objective and subjective quality metrics and intelligibility metrics as well. As a result, we show that Drop-SwD improves the final quality of the voice packets flow, without degrading the performance of other traffic class, with respect to the packet dropping schemes of reference.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-03-21},
	journal = {Network Protocols and Algorithms},
	author = {Alvarez-Flores, Erika Patricia and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
	month = December,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {AQM, Dropping, QoE, QoS, Service Differentiation, VoIP.},
	pages = {38-66},
}

"Selective Packet Dropping for VoIP and TCP Flows", Erika P. Alvarez Flores, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, Telecommunication Systems Journal, 46 (1), 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-009-9252-z

The adoption of the IP protocol for serving diverse applications arises the need for mechanisms to prevent network congestion in scenarios with different traffic
types (responsive and unresponsive) sharing limited network
resources. To deal with this issue, a number of algorithms
for active queue management (AQM) have been proposed.
However, most of them do not observe the traffic type and
usually disregard this knowledge. In this way, the provided
service could not comply with the distinctive requirements
of the different type of traffic, such as VoIP services, which
demand bounded packet latency and loss rate.
This paper proposes a new approach to be applied for
preventing network congestion in AQM routers. Our scheme
includes a procedure for selecting the packet to be dropped
that improves the fairness among different classes of flows.
We evaluate the use of this approach on distinct AQM
schemes in scenarios with different degrees of UDP and
TCP traffic mix. Objective and subjective performance measurements are reported. The experimental evaluation indicates that our approach improves the fairness among different traffic classes without using any packet scheduler. In fact, it also improves the VoIP traffic performance in terms of packet dropping probability, MOS (Mean Opinion Score) and intelligibility. We also show that our approach has
no negative impact on the packet delay. Moreover, it is not achieved at the expense of TCP responsive traffic.

@article{ERIKA2011,
title = {Selective Packet Dropping for VoIP and TCP Flows},
journal = {Telecommunication Systems Journal},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
year = {2011},
issn = {1018-4864},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-009-9252-z},
url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11235-009-9252-z.pdf},
author = {Erika P. Alvarez Flores and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz and Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
keywords = {Active queue management, RED, VoIP, TCP-friendly, Fairness, Traffic mix},
abstract = {The adoption of the IP protocol for serving diverse applications arises the need for mechanisms to prevent network congestion in scenarios with different traffic
types (responsive and unresponsive) sharing limited network
resources. To deal with this issue, a number of algorithms
for active queue management (AQM) have been proposed.
However, most of them do not observe the traffic type and
usually disregard this knowledge. In this way, the provided
service could not comply with the distinctive requirements
of the different type of traffic, such as VoIP services, which
demand bounded packet latency and loss rate.
This paper proposes a new approach to be applied for
preventing network congestion in AQM routers. Our scheme
includes a procedure for selecting the packet to be dropped
that improves the fairness among different classes of flows.
We evaluate the use of this approach on distinct AQM
schemes in scenarios with different degrees of UDP and
TCP traffic mix. Objective and subjective performance measurements are reported. The experimental evaluation indicates that our approach improves the fairness among different traffic classes without using any packet scheduler. In fact, it also improves the VoIP traffic performance in terms of packet dropping probability, MOS (Mean Opinion Score) and intelligibility. We also show that our approach has
no negative impact on the packet delay. Moreover, it is not achieved at the expense of TCP responsive traffic.}, impact={(IF=0.67, Q3)}}

"QoE oriented cross-layer design of a resource allocation algorithm in beyond 3G systems", Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Preben Mogensen, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, Computer Communications, 33 (5), pp. 571-582, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2009.10.016

The provision of high speed access to Internet and IP-based services is one of the main goals of beyond 3G (B3G) wireless systems. These systems will benefit from cross-layer protocol designs that will introduce interactions between different layers to obtain performance gains. The majority of the research in the field of cross-layer in B3G systems aims at improving quality of service (QoS) system centric metrics such as spectral efficiency, service latency, delay variation (jitter), etc. However, minor attention has been paid to the satisfaction of the subjective quality requirements from human users. With the goal of incorporating the subjective human perception into the cross-layer design of B3G systems, this work carries out an experimental survey of the sensitivity of the user subjective quality to the service response time for the Web browsing application. From the experimental results, a mapping from service response time and user data rate (provided by the wireless link) to mean opinion score (MOS) is derived. The presented results will show that the Web page size plays an important role in the mapping function. The derived mapping function is incorporated into a radio resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. This incorporation is carried out maximizing the aggregate utility over all the users in the cell. Its performance has been compared to that of the multicarrier proportional fair (MPF) under heavy load conditions with a 3G LTE simulator. The results have shown that the proposed methodology can provide an interesting enhancement of the user experienced quality compared to the MPF algorithm.

@Article{AMEIGEIRAS2010571,
title = {QoE oriented cross-layer design of a resource allocation algorithm in beyond 3G systems},
journal = {Computer Communications},
volume = {33},
number = {5},
pages = {571-582},
year = {2010},
issn = {0140-3664},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2009.10.016},
author = {Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Preben Mogensen and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
keywords = {HTTP subjective quality survey, Quality of experience (QoE), Cross-layer design, Utility function, Long term evolution},
abstract = {The provision of high speed access to Internet and IP-based services is one of the main goals of beyond 3G (B3G) wireless systems. These systems will benefit from cross-layer protocol designs that will introduce interactions between different layers to obtain performance gains. The majority of the research in the field of cross-layer in B3G systems aims at improving quality of service (QoS) system centric metrics such as spectral efficiency, service latency, delay variation (jitter), etc. However, minor attention has been paid to the satisfaction of the subjective quality requirements from human users. With the goal of incorporating the subjective human perception into the cross-layer design of B3G systems, this work carries out an experimental survey of the sensitivity of the user subjective quality to the service response time for the Web browsing application. From the experimental results, a mapping from service response time and user data rate (provided by the wireless link) to mean opinion score (MOS) is derived. The presented results will show that the Web page size plays an important role in the mapping function. The derived mapping function is incorporated into a radio resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. This incorporation is carried out maximizing the aggregate utility over all the users in the cell. Its performance has been compared to that of the multicarrier proportional fair (MPF) under heavy load conditions with a 3G LTE simulator. The results have shown that the proposed methodology can provide an interesting enhancement of the user experienced quality compared to the MPF algorithm.},
impact={(IF=0.816, Q2)}
}

"An 802.11e HCCA scheduler with an end-to-end quality aware territory method", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, Computer Communications, 32 (11), pp. 1281-1297, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.12.014

In this paper we present a solution for the IEEE 802.11e HCCA (Hybrid coordination function Controlled Channel Access) mechanism which aims both at supporting strict real-time traffic requirements and, simultaneously, at handling TCP applications efficiently. Our proposal combines a packet scheduler and a dynamic resource allocation algorithm. The scheduling discipline is based on the Monolithic Shaper-Scheduler, which is a modification of a General Processor Sharing (GPS) related scheduler. It supports minimum-bandwidth and delay guarantees and, at the same time, it achieves the optimal latency of all the GPS-related schedulers. In addition, our innovative resource allocation procedure, called the territory method, aims at prioritizing real time services and at improving the performance of TCP applications. For this purpose, it splits the wireless channel capacity (in terms of transmission opportunities) into different territories for the different types of traffic, taking into account the end-to-end network dynamics. In order to give support to the desired applications, we consider the following traffic classes: conversational, streaming, interactive and best-effort. The so called territories shrink or expand depending on the current quality experienced by the corresponding traffic class. We evaluated the performance of our solution through extensive simulations in a heterogeneous wired-cum-wireless scenario under different traffic conditions. Additionally, we compare our proposal to other HCCA scheduling algorithms, the HCCA reference scheduler and Fair Hybrid Coordination Function (FHCF). The results show that the combination of the MSS and the territory method obtains higher system capacity for VoIP traffic (up to 32 users) in the simulated scenario, compared to FHCF and the HCCA reference scheduler (13 users). In addition, the MSS with the territory method also improves the throughput of TCP sources (one FTP application achieves between 6.1 Mbps without VoIP traffic and 2.1 Mbps with 20 VoIP users) compared to the reference scheduler (at most 388 kbps) and FHCF (with a maximum FTP throughput of 4.8 Mbps).

@Article{NAVARROORTIZ20091281,
title = {An 802.11e {HCCA} scheduler with an end-to-end quality aware territory method},
journal = {Computer Communications},
volume = {32},
number = {11},
pages = {1281-1297},
year = {2009},
note = {Special Issue of Computer Communications on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security, and Robustness - Part I},
issn = {0140-3664},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.12.014},
author = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
keywords = {802.11e, HCCA, Quality of Experience, Scheduler, Resource allocation},
abstract = {In this paper we present a solution for the {IEEE} 802.11e HCCA (Hybrid coordination function Controlled Channel Access) mechanism which aims both at supporting strict real-time traffic requirements and, simultaneously, at handling TCP applications efficiently. Our proposal combines a packet scheduler and a dynamic resource allocation algorithm. The scheduling discipline is based on the Monolithic Shaper-Scheduler, which is a modification of a General Processor Sharing (GPS) related scheduler. It supports minimum-bandwidth and delay guarantees and, at the same time, it achieves the optimal latency of all the GPS-related schedulers. In addition, our innovative resource allocation procedure, called the territory method, aims at prioritizing real time services and at improving the performance of TCP applications. For this purpose, it splits the wireless channel capacity (in terms of transmission opportunities) into different territories for the different types of traffic, taking into account the end-to-end network dynamics. In order to give support to the desired applications, we consider the following traffic classes: conversational, streaming, interactive and best-effort. The so called territories shrink or expand depending on the current quality experienced by the corresponding traffic class. We evaluated the performance of our solution through extensive simulations in a heterogeneous wired-cum-wireless scenario under different traffic conditions. Additionally, we compare our proposal to other HCCA scheduling algorithms, the HCCA reference scheduler and Fair Hybrid Coordination Function (FHCF). The results show that the combination of the MSS and the territory method obtains higher system capacity for VoIP traffic (up to 32 users) in the simulated scenario, compared to FHCF and the HCCA reference scheduler (13 users). In addition, the MSS with the territory method also improves the throughput of TCP sources (one FTP application achieves between 6.1 Mbps without VoIP traffic and 2.1 Mbps with 20 VoIP users) compared to the reference scheduler (at most 388 kbps) and FHCF (with a maximum FTP throughput of 4.8 Mbps).},
impact={(IF=0.933, Q2)}
}

"Transmission of images over LoRa", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, Fernando Tejero-Rodriguez, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL20231,
   author       = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel and Tejero-Rodriguez, Fernando},
   title        = {Transmission of images over LoRa},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {premonition|true5g|6gchronos},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

"Converting a weather station into a LoRaWAN-enabled device", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL202322,
   author       = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
   title        = {Converting a weather station into a LoRaWAN-enabled device},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {premonition|true5g|6gchronos},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

"Demo: 5G NR, Wi-Fi and LiFi multi-connectivity for Industry 4.0", Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Adriana Fernandez-Fernandez, Ivan Boyano, Miguel Urias, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, "INFOCOM CNERT 2023: the 10th International Workshop on Computer and Networking Experimental Research using Testbeds", pp. 1-3, 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{CNERT2022,
   author       = {Canellas, Ferran and Camps-Mur, Daniel and Fernandez-Fernandez, Adriana and Boyano, Ivan and Urias, Miguel and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.},
   title        = {Demo: 5G NR, Wi-Fi and LiFi multi-connectivity for Industry 4.0},
   booktitle    = {INFOCOM CNERT 2023: the 10th International Workshop on Computer and Networking Experimental Research using Testbeds},
   year         = {2023},
   publisher    = {IEEE},
   month        = {May},
   pages        = {1-3},
   address      = {New York, USA},
   project      = {5gclarity},
   url          = {https://infocom.info/workshops/track/CNERT}
}

"Autonomous Radio Resource Provisioning in Multi-WAT Private 5G RANs based on DRL", L. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, P. Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, "IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Glasgow", 2023

@INPROCEEDINGS{AutoCh23,
  author       = {L. Chinchilla-Romero and J. Prados-Garzon and P. Munoz and P. Ameigeiras and J. J. Ramos-Munoz},
  booktitle    = {IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Glasgow},
  title        = {Autonomous Radio Resource Provisioning in Multi-WAT Private 5G RANs based on DRL},
  year         = {2023},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  month        = {Mar},
  address      = {Glasgow, Scotland, UK},
  COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
  project      = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos},
  COMMENTurl   = {https://doi.org/xxx}}

"Leveraging DRL for Traffic Prioritization in 5G and Beyond TSN-based Transport Networks", Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Lorena Chinchilla-Romero, Pablo Munoz, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, "XXXVII Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI 2022)", pp. 1-4, 2022. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7060474

@INPROCEEDINGS{URSI20227060474,
   author       = {Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Chinchilla-Romero, Lorena and Munoz, Pablo and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.},
   title        = {Leveraging {DRL} for Traffic Prioritization in {5G} and Beyond {TSN}-based Transport Networks},
   booktitle    = {XXXVII Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI 2022)},
   year         = {2022},
   publisher    = {Zenodo},
   month        = {Sep},
   pages        = {1-4},
   address      = {Malaga, Spain},
   doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.7060474},
   project      = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos},
   url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7060474}
}

"WIMUNET: Current research on Internet of (Robotic) things and 5G", P. Munoz, L. Chinchilla-Romero, N. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, F. Delgado-Ferro, J. Caleya-Sanchez, P. Rodriguez-Martin, P. Ameigeiras, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "Arqus Research Focus Forum - Artificial Intelligence and its applications, Granada", 2022

@INPROCEEDINGS{Auto_Ch23,
  author={P. Munoz and L. Chinchilla-Romero and N. Chinchilla-Romero and J. Prados-Garzon and O. Adamuz-Hinojosa and F. Delgado-Ferro and J. Caleya-Sanchez and P. Rodriguez-Martin and P. Ameigeiras and J. Navarro-Ortiz and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and J. M. Lopez-Soler},
  booktitle={Arqus Research Focus Forum - Artificial Intelligence and its applications, Granada},
  title={WIMUNET: Current research on Internet of (Robotic) things and 5G},
  year={2022},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  project      = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos|premonition},
  doi={}}

"DRL-assisted Radio Resource Provisioning in multi-WAT Private 5G Networks", L. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, P. Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, "XXXVII Simposio de la URSI (Union Cientifica Internacional de Radio), Malaga", 2022

@INPROCEEDINGS{DRL_Ch22,
  author={L. Chinchilla-Romero and J. Prados-Garzon and P. Munoz and P. Ameigeiras and J. J. Ramos-Munoz},
  booktitle={XXXVII Simposio de la URSI (Union Cientifica Internacional de Radio), Malaga},
  title={DRL-assisted Radio Resource Provisioning in multi-WAT Private 5G Networks},
  year={2022},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={},
  project      = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos},
  doi={}}

"WiMuNet's research lines", J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, L. Chinchilla-Romero, J. Prados-Garzon, F. Delgado-Ferro, P. Ameigeiras, P. Munoz-Luengo, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "VI Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'21)", ISBN 9788409311248, 2021

@Inproceedings{jnavarroqqcm21, author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and N. {Chinchilla-Romero} and L. {Chinchilla-Romero} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and F. {Delgado-Ferro} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Munoz-Luengo} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}}, booktitle={VI Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'21)}, isbn={9788409311248}, title={WiMuNet's research lines}, year={2021}, url={https://sites.google.com/unizar.es/qqcm-2021/agenda}, project={5gclarity|true5g|artemis}}

"Improving hardware security for LoRaWAN", J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Munoz-Luengo, "2019 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)", pp. 1-6, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/CSCN.2019.8931397

@Inproceedings{8931397,  author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and N. {Chinchilla-Romero} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Munoz-Luengo}},  booktitle={2019 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)},   title={Improving hardware security for LoRaWAN},   year={2019},  volume={},  number={},  pages={1-6},  doi={10.1109/CSCN.2019.8931397}, project="5gcity"}

"The Creation Phase in Network Slicing: From a Service Order to an Operative Network Slice", J. Ordonez-Lucena, O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, P. Ameigeiras, P. Munoz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. F. Chavarria, D. Lopez, "2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)", pp. 1-36, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/EuCNC.2018.8443255

Network slicing is considered a key mechanism to serve the multitude of tenants (e.g. vertical industries) targeted by forthcoming 5G systems in a flexible and cost-efficient manner. In this paper, we present a SDN/NFV architecture with multi-tenancy support. This architecture enables a network slice provider to deploy network slice instances for multiple tenants on-the-fly, and simultaneously provision them with isolation guarantees. Following the Network Slice as-a-Service delivery model, a tenant may access a Service Catalog, selecting the slice that best fits its needs and ordering its deployment. This work provides a detailed view on the stages that a network slice provider must follow to deploy the ordered network slice instance, accommodating it into a multi-domain infrastructure, and putting it operative for tenant's consumption. These stages address critical issues identified in the literature, including (i) the mapping from high-level service requirements to network functions and infrastructure requirements, (ii) the admission control, and (iii) the specific information a network slice descriptor should have. With the proposed architecture and the recommended set of stages, network slice providers can deploy (and later operate) slice instances with great agility, flexibility, and full automation.

@INPROCEEDINGS{8443255,
  author={J. {Ordonez-Lucena} and O. {Adamuz-Hinojosa} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Munoz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. F. {Chavarria} and D. {Lopez}},
  booktitle={2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)},
  title={The Creation Phase in Network Slicing: From a Service Order to an Operative Network Slice},
  year={2018},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-36},
  abstract={Network slicing is considered a key mechanism to serve the multitude of tenants (e.g. vertical industries) targeted by forthcoming 5G systems in a flexible and cost-efficient manner. In this paper, we present a SDN/NFV architecture with multi-tenancy support. This architecture enables a network slice provider to deploy network slice instances for multiple tenants on-the-fly, and simultaneously provision them with isolation guarantees. Following the Network Slice as-a-Service delivery model, a tenant may access a Service Catalog, selecting the slice that best fits its needs and ordering its deployment. This work provides a detailed view on the stages that a network slice provider must follow to deploy the ordered network slice instance, accommodating it into a multi-domain infrastructure, and putting it operative for tenant's consumption. These stages address critical issues identified in the literature, including (i) the mapping from high-level service requirements to network functions and infrastructure requirements, (ii) the admission control, and (iii) the specific information a network slice descriptor should have. With the proposed architecture and the recommended set of stages, network slice providers can deploy (and later operate) slice instances with great agility, flexibility, and full automation.},
  keywords={5G mobile communication;quality of service;software defined networking;telecommunication congestion control;virtualisation;admission control;multidomain infrastructure;service catalog;network slice as-a-service delivery;SDN-NFV architecture;5G systems;operative network slice;network slice descriptor;ordered network slice instance;network slice provider;Network slicing;Computer architecture;Business;Europe;Wide area networks;Containers;Industries;Network Slicing;SDN;NFV;Service Catalog;Slice Instance Creation},
  doi={10.1109/EuCNC.2018.8443255},
  ISSN={2575-4912},
  month={June}, project={5gcity}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/68204}
}

"Analytic Analysis of Narrowband IoT Coverage Enhancement Approaches", P. Andres-Maldonado, P. Ameigeiras, J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)", pp. 1-6, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/GIOTS.2018.8534539

The introduction of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) as a cellular (NB-IoT) technology aims to support massive Machine-Type Communications applications. These applications are characterized by massive connections from a large number of low-complexity and low-power devices. One of the goals of NB-IoT is to improve coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies. In order to do that, NB-IoT introduces transmission repetitions and different bandwidth allocation configurations in uplink. These new transmission approaches yield many transmission options in uplink. In this paper, we propose analytical expressions that describe the influence of these new approaches in the transmission. Our analysis is based on the Shannon theorem. The transmission is studied in terms of the required Signal to Noise Ratio, bandwidth utilization, and energy per transmitted bit. Additionally, we propose an uplink link adaptation algorithm that contemplates these new transmission approaches. The conducted evaluation summarizes the influence of these approaches. Furthermore, we present the resulting uplink link adaptation from our proposed algorithm sweeping the device's coverage.

@INPROCEEDINGS{8534539,  author={P. {Andres-Maldonado} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)},   title={Analytic Analysis of Narrowband IoT Coverage Enhancement Approaches},   year={2018},  volume={},  number={},  pages={1-6},  abstract={The introduction of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) as a cellular (NB-IoT) technology aims to support massive Machine-Type Communications applications. These applications are characterized by massive connections from a large number of low-complexity and low-power devices. One of the goals of NB-IoT is to improve coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies. In order to do that, NB-IoT introduces transmission repetitions and different bandwidth allocation configurations in uplink. These new transmission approaches yield many transmission options in uplink. In this paper, we propose analytical expressions that describe the influence of these new approaches in the transmission. Our analysis is based on the Shannon theorem. The transmission is studied in terms of the required Signal to Noise Ratio, bandwidth utilization, and energy per transmitted bit. Additionally, we propose an uplink link adaptation algorithm that contemplates these new transmission approaches. The conducted evaluation summarizes the influence of these approaches. Furthermore, we present the resulting uplink link adaptation from our proposed algorithm sweeping the device's coverage.},  keywords={Uplink;Signal to noise ratio;Internet of Things;Long Term Evolution;Narrowband;Data communication;Analytical model;coverage enhancement;link adaptation;nB-IoT},  doi={10.1109/GIOTS.2018.8534539},  ISSN={},  month={June}
}

"WiMuNet's research on 5G and QoE", J. Prados-Garzon, P. Andres-Maldonado, P. Romero-Diaz, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, P. Munoz-Luengo, S. Sendra, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "IV Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'18)", 2018

@Inproceedings{jpradosqqcm18,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and P. {Romero-Diaz} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Munoz-Luengo} and S. {Sendra} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={IV Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'18)}, title={WiMuNet's research on 5G and QoE}, year={2018}, project={5gcity}}

"Performance of LoRaWAN on a Highway Scenario", P. Romero-Diaz, J. Navarro-Ortiz, S. Sendra, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, "XXXIII Simposium Nacional de la Union Cientifica Internacional de Radio (URSI 2018)", 2018

@Inproceedings{promeroursi18,  author={P. {Romero-Diaz} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and S. {Sendra} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz}},  booktitle={XXXIII Simposium Nacional de la Union Cientifica Internacional de Radio (URSI 2018)},   title={Performance of LoRaWAN on a Highway Scenario},   year={2018}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/preprint_ursi2018_lorawan-performance-highway.pdf}, project="5gcity"}

"Implementacion de mecanismos de mitigacion de tormentas de broadcast en redes de area local mediante Redes Definidas por Software", Barbara-Valera Muros, Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, "XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica - JITEL2017", 2017

@Inproceedings{murosimplementacion2017,
	title = {Implementacion de mecanismos de mitigacion de tormentas de broadcast en redes de area local mediante {Redes} {Definidas} por {Software}},
	copyright = {Authors who submit to this conference agree to the following terms:   a)  Authors retain copyright over their work, while allowing the conference to place this unpublished work under a  Creative Commons License ,  which allows others to freely access, use, and share the work, with an  acknowledgement of the work's authorship and its initial presentation at  this conference.   b)  Authors are able to waive  the terms of the CC license and enter into separate, additional  contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution and  subsequent publication of this work (e.g., publish a revised version in a  journal, post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a  book), with an acknowledgement of its initial presentation at this  conference.    c)  In addition, authors are  encouraged to post and share their work online (e.g., in institutional  repositories or on their website) at any point before and after the  conference.},
	url = {http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/JITEL/JITEL2017/paper/view/6585},
	language = {es},
	urldate = {2021-03-22},
	booktitle = {{XIII} {Jornadas} de {Ingenieria} {Telematica} - {JITEL2017}},
	author = {Muros, Barbara-Valera and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge},
	month = October,
	year = {2017},
	project = {5gcity},
	pdf={https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101927}
}

"Analytical modeling for Virtualized Network Functions", J. Prados-Garzon, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Andres-Maldonado, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)", pp. 979-985, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962786

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is considered one of the key technologies for the 5G mobile networks. In NFV, network functions are implemented in software components denominated Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) running on commodity hardware. In this paper, we propose an analytical model based on an open queuing network of G/G/m queues to model VNFs with several components, and chains of VNFs. Our model is flexible and generic enough to capture the behavior of such systems. We validate our model by simulation. Specifically, we validate it for an LTE virtualized Mobility Management Entity with a three-tiered architecture use case. We also compare our model with the estate of the art, in terms of computational complexity and estimation error. The results show that our model has a computational complexity similar to the method for analyzing Jackson's networks. Additionally, our model exhibits an estimation error, measured as the relative error for the estimation of the mean response time, approximately equal to 10%, whereas for the considered baseline systems it ranges roughly from 60% to 90%.

@INPROCEEDINGS{7962786,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)},   title={Analytical modeling for Virtualized Network Functions},   year={2017},  volume={},  number={},  pages={979-985},  abstract={Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is considered one of the key technologies for the 5G mobile networks. In NFV, network functions are implemented in software components denominated Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) running on commodity hardware. In this paper, we propose an analytical model based on an open queuing network of G/G/m queues to model VNFs with several components, and chains of VNFs. Our model is flexible and generic enough to capture the behavior of such systems. We validate our model by simulation. Specifically, we validate it for an LTE virtualized Mobility Management Entity with a three-tiered architecture use case. We also compare our model with the estate of the art, in terms of computational complexity and estimation error. The results show that our model has a computational complexity similar to the method for analyzing Jackson's networks. Additionally, our model exhibits an estimation error, measured as the relative error for the estimation of the mean response time, approximately equal to 10%, whereas for the considered baseline systems it ranges roughly from 60% to 90%.},  keywords={Computational modeling;Analytical models;Iron;5G mobile communication;Computer architecture;Time factors;Queueing analysis;5G;NFV;VNF;analytical model;queuing model},  doi={10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962786},  ISSN={2474-9133},  month={May}, project={5gcity}
}

"Optimized LTE data transmission procedures for IoT: Device side energy consumption analysis", P. Andres-Maldonado, P. Ameigeiras, J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)", pp. 540-545, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962714

The efficient deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) over cellular networks, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or the next generation 5G, entails several challenges. For massive IoT, reducing the energy consumption on the device side becomes essential. One of the main characteristics of massive IoT is small data transmissions. To improve the support of them, the 3GPP has included two novel optimizations in LTE: one of them based on the Control Plane (CP), and the other on the User Plane (UP). In this paper, we analyze the average energy consumption per data packet using these two optimizations compared to conventional LTE Service Request procedure. We propose an analytical model to calculate the energy consumption for each procedure based on a Markov chain. In the considered scenario, for large and small Inter-Arrival Times (IATs), the results of the three procedures are similar. While for medium IATs CP reduces the energy consumption per packet up to 87% due to its connection release optimization.

@INPROCEEDINGS{7962714,  author={P. {Andres-Maldonado} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)},   title={Optimized LTE data transmission procedures for IoT: Device side energy consumption analysis},   year={2017},  volume={},  number={},  pages={540-545},  abstract={The efficient deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) over cellular networks, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or the next generation 5G, entails several challenges. For massive IoT, reducing the energy consumption on the device side becomes essential. One of the main characteristics of massive IoT is small data transmissions. To improve the support of them, the 3GPP has included two novel optimizations in LTE: one of them based on the Control Plane (CP), and the other on the User Plane (UP). In this paper, we analyze the average energy consumption per data packet using these two optimizations compared to conventional LTE Service Request procedure. We propose an analytical model to calculate the energy consumption for each procedure based on a Markov chain. In the considered scenario, for large and small Inter-Arrival Times (IATs), the results of the three procedures are similar. While for medium IATs CP reduces the energy consumption per packet up to 87% due to its connection release optimization.},  keywords={Long Term Evolution;Energy consumption;Optimization;Data communication;3GPP;Context;Security},  doi={10.1109/ICCW.2017.7962714},  ISSN={2474-9133},  month={May}, project={5gcity}, pdf={https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/68238}
}

"Servicio centralizado de proyeccion de material docente", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Sandra Sendra, Pablo Ameigeiras, Angel de la Torre, Luz Garcia, Angel M. Gomez, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, Sonia Mota, Pablo Padilla, Jonathan Prados-Garzon, Javier Ramirez, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Antonio Ruiz-Moya, Jose Carlos Segura, "V Jornadas de Innovacion Educativa at XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2017)", 2017

@INPROCEEDINGS{jnavarrojitel17,  author={Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Sendra, Sandra and Ameigeiras, Pablo and de la Torre, Angel and Garcia, Luz and Gomez, Angel M. and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel and Mota, Sonia and Padilla, Pablo and Prados-Garzon, Jonathan and Ramirez, Javier and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Ruiz-Moya, Antonio and Segura, Jose Carlos},  booktitle={V Jornadas de Innovacion Educativa at XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2017)}, title={Servicio centralizado de proyeccion de material docente},   year={2017}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/52-6508.pdf}}

"Handover implementation in a 5G SDN-based mobile network architecture", J. Prados-Garzon, O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Andres-Maldonado, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)", pp. 1-6, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794936

Requirements for 5G mobile networks includes a higher flexibility, scalability, cost effectiveness and energy efficiency. Towards these goals, Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization have been adopted in recent proposals for future mobile networks architectures because they are considered critical technologies for 5G. In this paper, we propose an X2-based handover implementation in an SDN-based and partially virtualized LTE architecture. Moreover, the architecture considered operates at link level, which provides lower latency and higher scalability. In our implementation, we use MPLS tunnels for user plane instead of GTP-U protocol, which introduces a significant overhead. To verify the correct operation of our system, we developed a simulator. It implements the messages exchange and processing of the primary network entities. Using this tool we measured the handover preparation and completion times, whose estimated values were roughly 6.94 ms and 8.31 ms, respectively, according to our experimental setup. These latencies meet the expected requirements concerning control plane delay budgets for 5G networks.

@INPROCEEDINGS{7794936,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and O. {Adamuz-Hinojosa} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)},   title={Handover implementation in a 5G SDN-based mobile network architecture},   year={2016},  volume={},  number={},  pages={1-6},  abstract={Requirements for 5G mobile networks includes a higher flexibility, scalability, cost effectiveness and energy efficiency. Towards these goals, Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization have been adopted in recent proposals for future mobile networks architectures because they are considered critical technologies for 5G. In this paper, we propose an X2-based handover implementation in an SDN-based and partially virtualized LTE architecture. Moreover, the architecture considered operates at link level, which provides lower latency and higher scalability. In our implementation, we use MPLS tunnels for user plane instead of GTP-U protocol, which introduces a significant overhead. To verify the correct operation of our system, we developed a simulator. It implements the messages exchange and processing of the primary network entities. Using this tool we measured the handover preparation and completion times, whose estimated values were roughly 6.94 ms and 8.31 ms, respectively, according to our experimental setup. These latencies meet the expected requirements concerning control plane delay budgets for 5G networks.},  keywords={Long Term Evolution;Handover;Mobile computing;5G mobile communication;Computer architecture;Handover;5G;SDN;NFV;virtualized LTE/EPC},  doi={10.1109/PIMRC.2016.7794936},  ISSN={2166-9589},  month={September}
}

"MME Support for M2M Communications Using Network Function Virtualization", Pilar Andres-Maldonado, Pablo Ameigeiras, Jonathan Prados, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, "The Twelfth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications. AICT 2016. Valencia, Spain", ISBN 2308-4030/978-1-61208-473-2, 2016

@inproceedings{lopezsoler2016,
author = {Andres-Maldonado, Pilar and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Prados, Jonathan and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.},
booktitle = {The Twelfth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications. AICT 2016. Valencia, Spain},
year = {2016},
month = {May},
isbn = {2308-4030/978-1-61208-473-2},
title = {MME Support for M2M Communications Using Network Function Virtualization},
project =" AGINET",
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305491037_MME_Support_for_M2M_Communications_Using_Network_Function_Virtualization}
}

"Reduced M2M signaling communications in 3GPP LTE and future 5G cellular networks", P. Andres-Maldonado, P. Ameigeiras, J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2016 Wireless Days (WD)", pp. 1-3, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/WD.2016.7461499

The increase of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications over cellular networks imposes new requirements and challenges that current networks have to handle with. Many M2M UEs (User Equipment) may send small infrequent data, which suppose a challenge for cellular networks not optimized for such traffic, where signaling load could increase significantly and cause congestion over the network. This paper evaluates current proposals to manage small transmissions over the Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network. We also propose a new Random Access-based Small IP packet Transmission (RASIPT) procedure for M2M UEs small data transmissions. Its main feature is data transfer without establishment of Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection to reduce signaling overhead. In our design, we assume a Software Defined Networking-based architecture for 5G system. When compared with current LTE scheme, our procedure reduces significantly the signaling load generated by M2M UEs small transmissions.

@INPROCEEDINGS{7461499,  author={P. {Andres-Maldonado} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2016 Wireless Days (WD)},   title={Reduced M2M signaling communications in 3GPP LTE and future 5G cellular networks},   year={2016},  volume={},  number={},  pages={1-3},  abstract={The increase of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications over cellular networks imposes new requirements and challenges that current networks have to handle with. Many M2M UEs (User Equipment) may send small infrequent data, which suppose a challenge for cellular networks not optimized for such traffic, where signaling load could increase significantly and cause congestion over the network. This paper evaluates current proposals to manage small transmissions over the Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network. We also propose a new Random Access-based Small IP packet Transmission (RASIPT) procedure for M2M UEs small data transmissions. Its main feature is data transfer without establishment of Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection to reduce signaling overhead. In our design, we assume a Software Defined Networking-based architecture for 5G system. When compared with current LTE scheme, our procedure reduces significantly the signaling load generated by M2M UEs small transmissions.},  keywords={5G mobile communication;Data communication;3GPP;Uplink;Wireless communication;Long Term Evolution;Context;machine to machine;small data transmission;SDT;SDN},  doi={10.1109/WD.2016.7461499},  ISSN={},  month={March}
}

"Latency evaluation of a virtualized MME", J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, P. Andres-Maldonado, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "2016 Wireless Days (WD)", pp. 1-3, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/WD.2016.7461500

Network Virtualization is one of the key technologies for developing the future mobile networks. In this paper we propose an LTE virtualized Mobility Management Entity queue model to evaluate its service time for a given signaling workload. Additionally, we provide a compound data traffic model for the future mobile applications, and we predict theoretically the control workload that it will generate. Finally, we evaluate the virtualized Mobility Management Entity overall mean delay by simulation, providing insights for selecting the number of processing instances for a given number of users.

@INPROCEEDINGS{7461500,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={2016 Wireless Days (WD)},   title={Latency evaluation of a virtualized MME},   year={2016},  volume={},  number={},  pages={1-3},  abstract={Network Virtualization is one of the key technologies for developing the future mobile networks. In this paper we propose an LTE virtualized Mobility Management Entity queue model to evaluate its service time for a given signaling workload. Additionally, we provide a compound data traffic model for the future mobile applications, and we predict theoretically the control workload that it will generate. Finally, we evaluate the virtualized Mobility Management Entity overall mean delay by simulation, providing insights for selecting the number of processing instances for a given number of users.},  keywords={Delays;Process control;Computational modeling;Cloud computing;Mathematical model;Iron;Wireless communication;virtualized MME;queue model;NFV;LTE},  doi={10.1109/WD.2016.7461500},  ISSN={},  month={March}
}

"Wireless and Multimedia Networking laboratory", J. Prados-Garzon, P. Andres-Maldonado, P. Romero-Diaz, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, P. Ameigeiras, P. Munoz-Luengo, S. Sendra, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "II Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'16)", 2016

@Inproceedings{jpradosqqcm16,  author={J. {Prados-Garzon} and P. {Andres-Maldonado} and P. {Romero-Diaz} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and P. {Munoz-Luengo} and S. {Sendra} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={II Workshop on QoE, QoS on Multimedia Communications (QQCM'16)}, title={Wireless and Multimedia Networking laboratory},   year={2016}}

"Diseno de una arquitectura para la red de acceso para 5G basada en SDN", P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, L. Schumacher, J. Prados-Garzon, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "XII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2015)", 2015

@Inproceedings{pameigeirasjitel15,  author={P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and L. {Schumacher} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={XII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2015)}, title={Diseno de una arquitectura para la red de acceso para 5G basada en SDN},   year={2015}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/jitel15_arquitectura5g.pdf}}

"Wireless and Multimedia Networking (WiMuNet) laboratory", J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. Prados-Garzon, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "XII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2015)", 2015

@Inproceedings{jnavarrojitel15,  author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={XII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2015)}, title={Wireless and Multimedia Networking (WiMuNet) laboratory},   year={2015}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/jitel15_wimunet.pdf}}

"Ethernet-based mobility architecture for 5G", A. F. Cattoni, P. E. Mogensen, S. Vesterinen, M. Laitila, L. Schumacher, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, "2014 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)", pp. 449-454, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/CloudNet.2014.6969036

A massive traffic increase is foreseen in the near future in mobile networks. Such data storm is expected to pose new challenging requirements to the existing mobile network architecture, since the traffic will be generated by a wide set of applications running on an increasingly high number of mobile devices and sensors. In this paper we propose a paradigm shift for the Evolved Packet Core for the future 5G system. By leveraging on the economy of scale of software-based ICT technologies, namely Software Defined Networking and cloud computing, we propose a hierarchically cloudified mobile network. In particular, in this paper we focus on the mobility aspects within such new architecture, proposing low latency Layer 2 solutions for the Access Network, while exploiting aggregating Layer 3 mobility functionalities in the regional and national clouds.

@INPROCEEDINGS{6969036,  author={A. F. {Cattoni} and P. E. {Mogensen} and S. {Vesterinen} and M. {Laitila} and L. {Schumacher} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz}},  booktitle={2014 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)},   title={Ethernet-based mobility architecture for 5G},   year={2014},  volume={},  number={},  pages={449-454},  abstract={A massive traffic increase is foreseen in the near future in mobile networks. Such data storm is expected to pose new challenging requirements to the existing mobile network architecture, since the traffic will be generated by a wide set of applications running on an increasingly high number of mobile devices and sensors. In this paper we propose a paradigm shift for the Evolved Packet Core for the future 5G system. By leveraging on the economy of scale of software-based ICT technologies, namely Software Defined Networking and cloud computing, we propose a hierarchically cloudified mobile network. In particular, in this paper we focus on the mobility aspects within such new architecture, proposing low latency Layer 2 solutions for the Access Network, while exploiting aggregating Layer 3 mobility functionalities in the regional and national clouds.},  keywords={Computer architecture;Mobile computing;Control systems;Scalability;Cloud computing;Mobile radio mobility management},  doi={10.1109/CloudNet.2014.6969036},  ISSN={},  month={Oct}
}

"NAPA: An algorithm to auto-tune unicast reliable communications over DDS", Juan J. Martin-Carrascosa, Jose M- Lopez-Vega, Javier Povedano-Molina, and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, "XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2013). Granada, Spain.
", ISBN 978-84-616-5597-7, 2013

@Inproceedings{lopezsoler2013,
	title = {NAPA: An algorithm to auto-tune unicast reliable communications over DDS},
	booktitle={XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2013). Granada, Spain.
},
	isbn = {978-84-616-5597-7},
	author = {Juan J. Martin-Carrascosa and Jose M- Lopez-Vega and Javier Povedano-Molina and and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
	month = October,
	year = {2013},
	url = {http://dtstc.ugr.es/jitel2013/},
	project = ""
}

"YouTube traffic detection and characteristics extraction", J. Navarro-Ortiz, P. Ameigeiras, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. Prados-Garzon, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2013)", 2013

@Inproceedings{jnavarrojitel13,  author={J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and P. {Ameigeiras} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and J. {Prados-Garzon} and J. M. {Lopez-Soler}},  booktitle={XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2013)}, title={YouTube traffic detection and characteristics extraction},   year={2013}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/jitel13_youtubedetection.pdf}}

"Objetive and Perceptual Impact of TCP Dropping Policies on VoIP Flows", Erika Patricia Alvarez-Flores, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Jose M. Lopez-Vega, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "The Fourth International Conferences on Advanced Service Computing (SERVICE COMPUTATION 2012). Nice, France.
", ISBN 2308-3549 / 978-1-61208-215-8, 2012

@Inproceedings{lopezsoler2012,
	title = {Objetive and Perceptual Impact of TCP Dropping Policies on VoIP Flows},
	booktitle={The Fourth International Conferences on Advanced Service Computing (SERVICE COMPUTATION 2012). Nice, France.
},
	isbn = {2308-3549 / 978-1-61208-215-8},
	author = {Erika Patricia Alvarez-Flores and Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz and Jose M. Lopez-Vega and Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler},
	month = July,
	year = {2012},
	url = {http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=service_computation_2012_4_30_10094},
	project = ""
}

"Algoritmo de Seleccion para Descarte en Esquemas AQM para un Doble Servicio Equitativo", Erika Patricia Alvarez-Flores, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Lorenia Cantu Ballesteros, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "11 Congreso Nacional de Ingenieria Electrica y Electronica (CONIEEM 2011)
Yucatan, Mexico", 2011

@Inproceedings{lopezsoler2011b,
	title = {Algoritmo de Seleccion para Descarte en Esquemas AQM para un Doble Servicio Equitativo},
	booktitle={11 Congreso Nacional de Ingenieria Electrica y Electronica (CONIEEM 2011)
Yucatan, Mexico},
	author = {Erika Patricia Alvarez-Flores and Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz and Lorenia Cantu Ballesteros and Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler},
	month = September,
	year = {2011},
	url = {http://www.cesues.edu.mx/PDFS/investigacion_y_desarrollo/CONVOCATORIA_CONIEEM_2011.pdf},
	pages = {},
	project = ""
}

"Mejora del aprendizaje y aprovechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas", Jose Camacho, Pablo Padilla, A. Lietor, Gabriel Macia, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Francisco Javier Salcedo-Campos, Francisco de Toro, "II Jornadas de Innovacion Docente y Adaptacion al Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior en las Titulaciones Tecnicas (INDOTEC 2011)", 2011

@INPROCEEDINGS{camachoindotech11,  author={Camacho, Jose and Padilla, Pablo and Lietor, A. and Macia, Gabriel and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Salcedo-Campos, Francisco Javier and de Toro, Francisco},  booktitle={II Jornadas de Innovacion Docente y Adaptacion al Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior en las Titulaciones Tecnicas (INDOTEC 2011)}, title={Mejora del aprendizaje y aprovechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas},   year={2011}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/jitel07_laboratorio.pdf}}

"Mejora del aprendizaje y aprovechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas", Jose Camacho, Pablo Padilla, A. Lietor, Gabriel Macia, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Francisco Javier Salcedo-Campos, Francisco de Toro, "II Jornadas de Innovacion Educativa Cen Ingenieria Telematica (JIE 11)", 2011

@INPROCEEDINGS{camachojie11,  author={Camacho, Jose and Padilla, Pablo and Lietor, A. and Macia, Gabriel and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Salcedo-Campos, Francisco Javier and de Toro, Francisco},  booktitle={II Jornadas de Innovacion Educativa Cen Ingenieria Telematica (JIE 11)}, title={Mejora del aprendizaje y aprovechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas},   year={2011}, url={http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/jie11_laboratorio.pdf}}

"QoE Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for NRT Services in LTE", Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan Ramiro-Moreno, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "ICT-MobileSummit 2009. Santander, Spain", ISBN 978-1-905824-12-0, 2009

@Inproceedings{lopezsoler2009,
	title = {QoE Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for NRT Services in LTE},
	booktitle={ICT-MobileSummit 2009. Santander, Spain},
	url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.453.4750},
	author = {Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan J. Ramos-Munoz and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Juan Ramiro-Moreno and Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler},
	month = June,
	year = {2009},
	isbn={978-1-905824-12-0},
	project = ""
}

"Efficient Allocation for VoIP Packet Losses Detection Services in Programmable and Active Networks", J. J. Ramos-Munoz, J. M. Lopez-Soler, "Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services - (icas-isns'05)", ISBN 0-7695-2450-8, pp. 52, 2005. DOI: 10.1109/ICAS-ICNS.2005.47

@INPROCEEDINGS{lopezsoler2005b,
author = {J. J. Ramos-Munoz and J. M. Lopez-Soler},
booktitle = {Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services - (icas-isns'05)},
title = {Efficient Allocation for VoIP Packet Losses Detection Services in Programmable and Active Networks},
year = {2005},
pages = {52},
doi = {10.1109/ICAS-ICNS.2005.47},
url = {https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICAS-ICNS.2005.47},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
month = {October},
isbn ={0-7695-2450-8}
}

"Low Delay Multiflow Block Interleavers for Real-Time Audio Streaming", Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, "Networking - ICN 2005", ISBN 978-3-540-31956-6, pp. 909-916, 2005

In spite of the Internet design principle of putting the complexity on the end-to-end entities, this work contributes to demonstrate what benefits can be expected by adding some processing capabilities to the network nodes for the class of interactive audio streaming applications. In particular, we deal with the bursty-error-prone nature of the Internet by proposing and evaluating a new multiflow block interleaver algorithm. After the conducted simulations, we show that our algorithm can efficiently mitigate the negative impact of long bursts. And what it is more, it is achieved by fulfilling the end-to-end audio time constraint requirements.

@InProceedings{ramos05,
author="Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.
and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.",
editor="Lorenz, Pascal
and Dini, Petre",
title="Low Delay Multiflow Block Interleavers for Real-Time Audio Streaming",
booktitle="Networking - ICN 2005",
year="2005",
publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
address="Berlin, Heidelberg",
pages="909-916",
abstract="In spite of the Internet design principle of putting the complexity on the end-to-end entities, this work contributes to demonstrate what benefits can be expected by adding some processing capabilities to the network nodes for the class of interactive audio streaming applications. In particular, we deal with the bursty-error-prone nature of the Internet by proposing and evaluating a new multiflow block interleaver algorithm. After the conducted simulations, we show that our algorithm can efficiently mitigate the negative impact of long bursts. And what it is more, it is achieved by fulfilling the end-to-end audio time constraint requirements.",
isbn="978-3-540-31956-6"}

"Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 3; Evolution and Ecosystem; Report on Network Slicing Support with ETSI NFV Architecture Framework", Jose A. Ordonez, Juan J. Ramos, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan M. Lopez-Soler et al., ETSI, pp. 1-35, 2017

@techreport{ordonez2017etsii,
   AUTHOR = "Jose A. Ordonez and Juan J. Ramos and Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan M. Lopez-Soler et al.",
   TITLE = "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 3; Evolution and Ecosystem; Report on Network Slicing Support with ETSI NFV Architecture Framework",
   HOWPUBLISHED = {ETSI Group Report},
   TYPE="standard",
   PAGES = {1-35},
   YEAR = {2017},
   MONTH = {December},
   INSTITUTION = "{ETSI}",
   NUMBER = "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) ETSI GR NFV-EVE 012 V3.1.1",
   URL={https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gr/NFV-EVE/001_099/012/03.01.01_60/gr_nfv-eve012v030101p.pdf},
   note="standard"
}

"AI and ML - Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks", J. Prados-Garzon, L. Chinchilla-Romero, P. Munoz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, 5G PPP, 2021. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4299895

@techreport{5GPPPWP2021,
  author      = "J. {Prados-Garzon} and L. {Chinchilla-Romero} and P. {Munoz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz}",
  title       = "AI and ML - Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks",
  institution = "5G PPP",
  year        = "2021",
  type        = "whitepaper",
  number      = "",
  address     = "",
  month       = "May",
  note        = "",
  annote      = "",
  DOI = {10.5281/zenodo.4299895},
  URL={https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AI-MLforNetworks-v1-0.pdf},
  project = {5gclarity}
}

"Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D5.3. 5G-CLARITY Use Cases: Demonstrations and Evaluations", H. Frank, A. Emami, H. Falaki, S. Yan, D. Camps-Mur, F. Canellas, V. Sark, M. Goodarzi, R. Vasist, N. Channinganathota, J. Gutierrez, I. Gonzalez-Boyano, M. Urias, K. Ciolek, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, R. Berozashvili, R. Bian, J. A. Ordonez-Lucena, J. McNamara, M. Ghoraishi, 5G-CLARITY, 2023

@techreport{5GCLARITYD53,
  author      = "H. Frank and A. Emami and H. Falaki and S. Yan and D. Camps-Mur and F. Canellas and V. Sark and M. Goodarzi and R. Vasist and N. Channinganathota and J. Gutierrez and I. Gonzalez-Boyano and M. Urias and K. Ciolek and J. Navarro-Ortiz and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and R. Berozashvili and R. Bian and J. A. Ordonez-Lucena and J. McNamara and M. Ghoraishi",
  title       = "Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D5.3. 5G-CLARITY Use Cases: Demonstrations and Evaluations",
  institution = "5G-CLARITY",
  year        = "2023",
  type        = "deliverable",
  month       = "May",
  URL         = {https://5gclarity.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/5G-CLARITY-D53.pdf},
  project     = {5gclarity}
}

"Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D3.3. Complete Design and Final Evaluation of the Coexistence, Multi-Connectivity, Resource Management, and Positioning Frameworks", H. Alshaer, A. Yesilkaya, A. Purwita, D. Camps-Mur, F. Canellas, A. Betzler, J. Gutierrez, V. Sark, M. Goodarzi, R. Vasist, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, S. Raju, R. Bian, T. Cogalan, C. Colman-Meixner, A. Emami, H. Frank, M. Ghoraishi, 5G-CLARITY, 2022

@techreport{5GCLARITYD33,
  author      = "H. Alshaer and A. Yesilkaya and A. Purwita and D. Camps-Mur and F. Canellas and A. Betzler and J. Gutierrez and V. Sark and M. Goodarzi and R. Vasist and J.  Navarro-Ortiz and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and S. Raju and R. Bian and T. Cogalan and C. Colman-Meixner and A. Emami and H. Frank and M. Ghoraishi",
  title       = "Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D3.3. Complete Design and Final Evaluation of the Coexistence, Multi-Connectivity, Resource Management, and Positioning Frameworks",
  institution = "5G-CLARITY",
  year        = "2022",
  type        = "deliverable",
  month       = "October",
  URL         = {https://5gclarity.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/5G-CLARITY-D33-Amended.pdf},
  project     = {5gclarity}
}

"Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D4.3. Evaluation of E2E 5G Infrastructure and Service Slices, and of the Developed Self-Learning ML Algorithms ", J. McNamara, A. Yesilkaya, A. Purwita, C. Colman-Meixner, H. Li, H. Frank, S. Yan, X. Zhou, D. Camps-Mur, D. Gonzalez-Sanchez, I. Soto-Campos, D. Fernandez-Cambronero, J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, L. Chinchilla-Romero, P. Munoz-Luengo, J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, I. Vila, J. A. Ordonez-Lucena, I Dominguez-Martinez, M. Goodarzi, T. Cogalan, M. Ghoraishi, 5G-CLARITY, 2022

@techreport{5GCLARITYD43,
  author      = "J. McNamara and A. Yesilkaya and A. Purwita and C. Colman-Meixner and H. Li and H. Frank and S. Yan and X. Zhou and D. Camps-Mur and D. Gonzalez-Sanchez and I. Soto-Campos and D. Fernandez-Cambronero and J. Prados-Garzon and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and L. Chinchilla-Romero and P. Munoz-Luengo and J. Perez-Romero and O. Sallent and I. Vila and J. A. Ordonez-Lucena and I Dominguez-Martinez and M. Goodarzi and T. Cogalan and M. Ghoraishi",
  title       = "Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D4.3. Evaluation of E2E 5G Infrastructure and Service Slices, and of the Developed Self-Learning ML Algorithms ",
  institution = "5G-CLARITY",
  year        = "2022",
  type        = "deliverable",
  month       = "October",
  URL         = {https://5gclarity.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/5G-CLARITY-D43-Amended.pdf},
  project     = {5gclarity}
}

"Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D4.2. Validation of 5G-CLARITY SDN/NFV Platform, Interface Design with 5G Service Platform, and Initial Evaluation of ML Algorithms", J. Ordonez-Lucena, O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, P. Ameigeiras, L. Chinchilla-Romero, P. Munoz-Luengo, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. Prados-Garzon, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, D. Camps-Mur, F. Canellas, J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, I. Vila, A. Purwita, A. Yesilkaya, A. Garcia, K. Chackravaram, E. Aumayr, J. Mcnamara, C. Colman-Meixner, X. Zhou, A. Emami, S. Yan, S. Raju, R. Bian, T. Cogalan, I. Hemadeh, M. Ghoraishi, 5G-CLARITY, 2021

@techreport{5GCLARITYD42,
  author      = "J. Ordonez-Lucena and O. Adamuz-Hinojosa and P. Ameigeiras and L. Chinchilla-Romero and P. Munoz-Luengo and J. Navarro-Ortiz and J. Prados-Garzon and J. J. Ramos-Munoz and D. Camps-Mur and F. Canellas and J. Perez-Romero and O. Sallent and I. Vila and A. Purwita and A. Yesilkaya and A. Garcia and K. Chackravaram and E. Aumayr and J. Mcnamara and C. Colman-Meixner and X. Zhou and A. Emami and S. Yan and S. Raju and R. Bian and T. Cogalan and I. Hemadeh and M. Ghoraishi",
  title       = "Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D4.2. Validation of 5G-CLARITY SDN/NFV Platform, Interface Design with 5G Service Platform, and Initial Evaluation of ML Algorithms",
  institution = "5G-CLARITY",
  year        = "2021",
  type        = "deliverable",
  month       = "July",
  URL         = {https://5gclarity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/5G-CLARITY_D42.pdf},
  project     = {5gclarity}
}

"Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D5.1. Specification of use cases and demonstration plan", M. Ghoraishi, D. Camps-Mur, H. Khalili, V. Sark, J. Gutierrez, T. Cogalan, S. Yan, C. Colman-Meixner, H. Falaki, A. Emami, A. Garcia, J. A. Amoros, M. A. Granda, J. Navarro-Ortiz, J. J. Ramos-Munoz, R. Bian, E. Poves, S. Videv, J. Ordonez-Lucena, M. Ghoraishi, 5G-CLARITY, 2021

@techreport{5GCLARITYD51,
  author      = "M. Ghoraishi and D. {Camps-Mur} and H. Khalili and V. Sark and J. Gutierrez and T. Cogalan and S. Yan and C. {Colman-Meixner} and H. Falaki and A. Emami and A. Garcia and J. A. Amoros and M. A. Granda and J. {Navarro-Ortiz} and J. J. {Ramos-Munoz} and R. Bian and E. Poves and S. Videv and J. {Ordonez-Lucena} and M. Ghoraishi",
  title       = "Project H2020 5G-CLARITY  (Grant No. 871428): Deliverable D5.1. Specification of use cases and demonstration plan",
  institution = "5G-CLARITY",
  year        = "2021",
  type        = "deliverable",
  month       = "Feb",
  URL         = {https://www.5gclarity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/5G-CLARITY_D51.pdf},
  project     = {5gclarity}
}

"Chapter 3 - Towards Versatile Access Networks", Angeliki Alexiou, Tezcan Cogalan, Jean-Marc Conrat, Mar Francis De Guzman, Francesco Devoti, Geoffrey Eappen, Chao Fang, Pal Frenger, Mir Ghoraishi, Adam Girycki, Hao Guo, Hardy Halbauer, Omer Haliloglu, Katsuyuki Haneda, Israel Koffman, Pekka Ky?sti, Marko Leinonen, Yinggang Li, Charitha Madapatha, Behrooz Makki, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Le Hang Nguyen, Ahmad Nimr, Aarno Parssinen, Sofie Pollin, Simon Pryor, Rafael Puerta, Md Arifur Rahman, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Vida Ranjbar, Kilian Roth, Muris Sarajlic, Vincenzo Sciancalepore, Tommy Svensson, Nuutti Tervo, Andreas Wolfgang, "Towards Sustainable and Trustworthy 6G - Challenges, Enablers and Architectural Design", ISBN 9781638282389, pp. 40-120, 2023. DOI: 10.1561/9781638282396

@inbook{6gbookch3,
author={Alexiou, Angeliki and Cogalan, Tezcan and Conrat, Jean-Marc and Francis De Guzman, Mar and Devoti, Francesco and Eappen, Geoffrey and Fang, Chao and Frenger, Pal and Ghoraishi, Mir and Girycki, Adam and Guo, Hao and Halbauer, Hardy and Haliloglu, Omer and Haneda, Katsuyuki and Koffman, Israel and Ky?sti, Pekka and Leinonen, Marko and Li, Yinggang and Madapatha, Charitha and Makki, Behrooz and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Nguyen, Le Hang and Nimr, Ahmad and Parssinen, Aarno and Pollin, Sofie and Pryor, Simon and Puerta, Rafael and Rahman, Md Arifur and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Ranjbar, Vida and Roth, Kilian and Sarajlic, Muris and Sciancalepore, Vincenzo and Svensson, Tommy and Tervo, Nuutti and Wolfgang, Andreas},
publisher = {NOW, the essence of knowledge},
isbn = {9781638282389},
title = {Chapter 3 - Towards Versatile Access Networks},
booktitle = {Towards Sustainable and Trustworthy 6G - Challenges, Enablers and Architectural Design},
chapter = {III},
pages = {40-120},
eprint = {https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadEBook/9781638282389?format=pdf},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1561/9781638282396},
pdf = {https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadEBook/9781638282389?format=pdf},
project = {5gclarity}
}

"Actas de las XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica", Jesus E. Diaz Verdejo, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, ISBN 9788461655977, pp. 1-600, 2013

@Book{jitel2013,
  title  = {Actas de las XI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica},
  year   = {2013},
  publisher = {Universidad de Granada},
  author = {Diaz Verdejo, Jesus E. and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose},
  month  = October,
  isbn   = {9788461655977},
  url    = {http://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/publications/libro_actas_xi_jitel_2013_granada.pdf},
  pages  = {1-600},
  note   = {research}
}

"Consolidacion y extension de buenas practicas docentes - Mejora de los metodos docentes y del aprendizaje y provechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas", Jose Camacho Paez, Pablo Padilla de la Torre, Gabriel Macia Fernandez, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan Jose Ramos-Munoz, Francisco Javier Salcedo Campos, "Innovacion docente y buenas practicas en la Universidad de Granada. Vol. 2", ISBN 9788433855763, pp. 1354-1363, 2013

@inbook{docencia2013,
author = {Camacho Paez, Jose and Padilla de la Torre, Pablo and Macia Fernandez, Gabriel and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan Jose and Salcedo Campos, Francisco Javier},
publisher = {Universidad de Granada},
isbn = {9788433855763},
title = {Consolidacion y extension de buenas practicas docentes - Mejora de los metodos docentes y del aprendizaje y provechamiento del alumno en el laboratorio de practicas},
booktitle = {Innovacion docente y buenas practicas en la Universidad de Granada. Vol. 2},
chapter = {XI},
pages = {1354-1363},
eprint = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/28434},
year = {2013}
}