6G-INSPIRE project

Brief Summary

Reference

EnablIng Native-AI Secure deterministic 6G networks for hyPer-connected envIRonmEnts (6G-INSPIRE)

Principal investigator(s): P. Munoz-Luengo, J. Navarro-Ortiz

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PID2022-137329OB-C43, 09/2023-08/2026, 225.000 euros

"EnablIng Native-AI Secure deterministic 6G networks for hyPer-connected envIRonmEnts (6G-INSPIRE)", P. Munoz-Luengo, J. Navarro-Ortiz, 2026

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@researchproject{6ginspire, code={PID2022-137329OB-C43}, title={EnablIng Native-AI Secure deterministic 6G networks for hyPer-connected envIRonmEnts (6G-INSPIRE)}, org={Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation}, type={national}, author={P. Munoz-Luengo and J. Navarro-Ortiz}, year=2026, month=8, date1={09/2023}, date2={08/2026}, funding={225.000 euros}, url0="http://wimunet.ugr.es/projects/6ginspire.php", logo="http://wimunet.ugr.es/assets/img/research/projects/ministerio_ciencia_innovacion.jpg", note="ongoing"}

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This national project (PID2022-137329OB-C43) is titled "EnablIng Native-AI Secure deterministic 6G networks for hyPer-connected envIRonmEnts" (6G-INSPIRE). It started in September 2023 and it will end in August 2026. This is a coordinated project with UPC, UC3M and UPV/EHU.

Description

The promotion of innovation, research, and development of 6G technology and standard will consolidate Spain as a leading country at the forefront in the development of new digital infrastructures. To successfully guide the 6G research to meet the needs of 2030, the main goal of this 6G-INSPIRE subproject is to propose, analyze, and validate a set of techniques, tools, and architectures that offer solutions to some of the open issues posed by future private and hyper-connected 6G networks. Specifically, we envisage a scenario where Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) will play an important role as an enabler of 6G technology by optimizing the networks, and time synchronization will be a vital capability for satisfying hard latency constraints of real-time applications, including e-health, and telecare, beyond industry 4.0, and many other. The integration of the cellular network with Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is seen as an effective solution for enabling end-to-end (E2E) deterministic communications. However, it requires high accuracy of time synchronization and tight coordination among network domains. 6G-INSPIRE will study and experimentally evaluate solutions that can contribute to achieve accurate time synchronization. In an integrated TSN-6G network, an efficient traffic flow management is also required to map TSN traffic to 6G QoS flows. This subproject will systematically study novel mechanisms to map QoS characteristics between TSN and 6G. The provision of deterministic latency in E2E scenarios may also require adaptations to the functions and tools that are used in Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) environments, where virtualized services are typically executed on less expensive, generic servers, but at the expense of reducing performance. This subproject will study such adaptations needed for NFV. In addition, integrating multiple wireless access technologies, i.e., multi-connectivity, may be useful to achieve stringent data rate, latency, reliability, and/or coverage requirements. This subproject will focus on traffic steering strategies over a multi-technology wireless access network (e.g., B5G/6G and Wi-Fi 6). Traffic aggregation technologies at the network layer will be considered to support the multiconnectivity framework. With the assistance of AI/ML techniques, 6G-INSPIRE will introduce the native AI concept in the private TSN-6G networks. This subproject will develop an AI-powered platform that assists the network to guarantee end-to-end delay-bounded traffic requirements. Besides, a set of AI algorithms for effective scheduling and QoS provision of TSN-6G flows and multi-connectivity solutions will be designed and evaluated. For the proper operation of these algorithms, the AI-powered platform will be responsible for orchestrating the lifecycle of the AI-related functions (e.g., data gathering, training, resource allocation, and AI/ML model selection). To validate the proposed solutions, 6G-INSPIRE will develop a demonstrator that will be integrated with other partners testbeds. It will focus on the deployment of TSN within the private 6G network, the synchronization between both technologies, including a prototype of a multi-connectivity solution using several access technologies such as 5G and Wi-Fi 6, and the implementation of an AI-powered platform that enables the optimization of the network operation.

Thesis

Related ongoing Ph.D. thesis

Multi-connectivity solutions for 5G/6G networks

Felix Delgado-Ferro (directed by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Juan M. Lopez-Soler)

Ongoing.

"Multi-connectivity solutions for 5G/6G networks", Felix Delgado-Ferro, University of Granada

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@PhdThesis{thesisdelgado,
  author      = {Felix Delgado-Ferro},
  director    = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
  title       = {Multi-connectivity solutions for 5G/6G networks},
  institution = {University of Granada},
  type        = {phdthesis},
  project     = {5gclarity|true5g|artemis|premonition|6gchronos|6ginspire},
  note        = "ongoing"
}

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Optimization and orchestration of LoRaWAN networks

Natalia Chinchilla-Romero (directed by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz)

Ongoing.

"Optimization and orchestration of LoRaWAN networks", Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, University of Granada

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@PhdThesis{thesisnatalia,
  author      = {Natalia Chinchilla-Romero},
  director    = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz},
  title       = {Optimization and orchestration of LoRaWAN networks},
  institution = {University of Granada},
  type        = {phdthesis},
  project     = {5gclarity|true5g|artemis|premonition|6gchronos|6ginspire},
  note        = "ongoing"
}

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AI-assisted management of 5G private networks

Lorena Chinchilla-Romero (directed by Pablo Ameigeiras and Pablo Munoz)

Ongoing.

"AI-assisted management of 5G private networks", Lorena Chinchilla-Romero, University of Granada

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@PhdThesis{thesislorena,
  author      = {Lorena Chinchilla-Romero},
  director    = {Pablo Ameigeiras and Pablo Munoz},
  title       = {AI-assisted management of 5G private networks},
  institution = {University of Granada},
  type        = {phdthesis},
  project     = {5gclarity|true5g|6gchronos|6ginspire},
  note        = "ongoing"
}

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Related B.Sc. and M.Sc. thesis

Configuration and performance assessment of 4G/5G networks

Bachelor thesis (degree on Telecommunications Engineering)

Javier Jimenez-Gonzalez (directed by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro)

Defended on 7 2023.

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"Configuration and performance assessment of 4G/5G networks", Javier Jimenez-Gonzalez, 2023

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@mastersthesis{jimenez_2023,
  author       = {Javier Jimenez-Gonzalez},
  director     = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro},
  title        = {Configuration and performance assessment of 4G/5G networks},
  school       = {Higher Technical School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Granada},
  type         = {Bachelor thesis},
  degree       = {degree on Telecommunications Engineering},
  year         = 2023,
  month        = 7,
  pdf          = {https://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/thesis/2023_TFG_JavierJimenezGonzalez.pdf},
  note         = {Co-directed with Felix Delgado-Ferro.},
  project      = {6gchronos|true5g|6ginspire}
}

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Synchonization on 5G networks: end-device

Bachelor thesis (degree on Telecommunications Engineering)

Angel Gomez-Hurtado (directed by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Lorena Chinchilla Romero)

Defended on 7 2023.

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"Synchonization on 5G networks: end-device", Angel Gomez-Hurtado, 2023

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@mastersthesis{gomez_2023,
  author       = {Angel Gomez-Hurtado},
  director     = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Lorena Chinchilla Romero},
  title        = {Synchonization on 5G networks: end-device},
  school       = {Higher Technical School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Granada},
  type         = {Bachelor thesis},
  degree       = {degree on Telecommunications Engineering},
  year         = 2023,
  month        = 7,
  pdf          = {https://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/thesis/2023_TFG_AngelGomezHurtado.pdf},
  note         = {Co-directed with Lorena Chinchilla-Romero. This thesis obtained the highest possible mark.},
  project      = {6gchronos|true5g|6ginspire}
}

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Configuration and usage of MPTCP in mobile devices

Bachelor thesis (degree on Telecommunications Engineering)

Alejandra Oliver-Boada (directed by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro)

Defended on 7 2023.

PDF

"Configuration and usage of MPTCP in mobile devices", Alejandra Oliver-Boada, 2023

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@mastersthesis{oliver_2023,
  author       = {Alejandra Oliver-Boada},
  director     = {Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro},
  title        = {Configuration and usage of MPTCP in mobile devices},
  school       = {Higher Technical School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Granada},
  type         = {Bachelor thesis},
  degree       = {degree on Telecommunications Engineering},
  year         = 2023,
  month        = 7,
  pdf          = {https://wpd.ugr.es/~jorgenavarro/thesis/2023_TFG_AlejandraOliverBoada.pdf},
  note         = {Co-directed with Felix Delgado-Ferro. This thesis obtained the highest possible mark.},
  project      = {6gchronos|true5g|6ginspire}
}

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Publications

Deliverables

Journals

MAREA: A Delay-Aware Multi-time-Scale Radio Resource Orchestrator for 6G O-RAN

V. Sciancalepore O. Adamuz-Hinojosa L. Zanzi, X. Costa-Pérez

IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2025, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2503.08599. (IF=7.2, Q1)

CITE DOI BibTeX

"MAREA: A Delay-Aware Multi-time-Scale Radio Resource Orchestrator for 6G O-RAN", V. Sciancalepore O. Adamuz-Hinojosa L. Zanzi, X. Costa-Pérez, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2025. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2503.08599

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@ARTICLE{Marea2025,
  author={O. Adamuz-Hinojosa, L. Zanzi, V. Sciancalepore and X. Costa-Pérez},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Communications},
  title={MAREA: A Delay-Aware Multi-time-Scale Radio Resource Orchestrator for 6G O-RAN},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2503.08599},
  impact = {(IF=7.2, Q1)},
  project = {6gchronos|6ginspire}
}

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Computationally Efficient UE Blocking Probability Model for GBR Services in Beyond 5G RAN

Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Pablo Ameigeiras, Pablo Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler

IEEE Access, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3377112. (IF=3.9, Q2)

CITE DOI BibTeX

"Computationally Efficient UE Blocking Probability Model for GBR Services in Beyond 5G RAN", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Pablo Ameigeiras, Pablo Munoz, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, IEEE Access, pp. 1-1, 2024. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3377112

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@ARTICLE{10471531,
  author={Adamuz-Hinojosa, Oscar and Ameigeiras, Pablo and Munoz, Pablo and Lopez-Soler, Juan M.},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  title={Computationally Efficient UE Blocking Probability Model for GBR Services in Beyond 5G RAN},
  year={2024},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  keywords={Signal to noise ratio;Computational modeling;Interference;Data models;Probability;Planning;Mathematical models;Beyond 5G;Blocking probability;GBR service;Markov Chain;Proportional Fair;Round Robin},
  doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3377112},
  impact = {(IF=3.9, Q2)},
  project = {6gchronos|6ginspire}}

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Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation

Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Amin Emami, Hamid Falaki

Sensors, 24 (18), 2024, DOI: 10.3390/s24186022. (IF=3.4, Q2)

CITE ABSTRACT DOI WEB BibTeX

"Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation", Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Amin Emami, Hamid Falaki, Sensors, 24 (18), 2024. DOI: 10.3390/s24186022

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Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.

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@Article{s24186022,
AUTHOR = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Munoz, Juan J. and Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Canellas, Ferran and Camps-Mur, Daniel and Emami, Amin and Falaki, Hamid},
TITLE = {Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {24},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {18},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {6022},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/18/6022},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.},
DOI = {10.3390/s24186022},
impact = {(IF=3.4, Q2)},
project = {6gchronos|6ginspire|5gclarity}}

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Conferences & Workshops

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of 5G Jitter on Time-Aware Shaper Scheduling in a 5G-TSN Network

Pablo Rodriguez-Martin, Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Pablo Munoz-Luengo, Julia Caleya-Sanchez, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras

21st IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2025) (accepted for publication), June 2025.

CITE WEB BibTeX

"Empirical Analysis of the Impact of 5G Jitter on Time-Aware Shaper Scheduling in a 5G-TSN Network", Pablo Rodriguez-Martin, Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Pablo Munoz-Luengo, Julia Caleya-Sanchez, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Ameigeiras, "21st IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2025) (accepted for publication)", 2025

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@INPROCEEDINGS{rodriguez2025,
      title={Empirical Analysis of the Impact of 5G Jitter on Time-Aware Shaper Scheduling in a 5G-TSN Network},
      author={Pablo Rodriguez-Martin and Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa and Pablo Munoz-Luengo and Julia Caleya-Sanchez and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Pablo Ameigeiras},
      booktitle={21st IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2025) (accepted for publication)},
      address={Rostock, Germany},
      month={June},
      year={2025},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/xxx},
      project={6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://wfcs25.uni-rostock.de/}
}

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'Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic

Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Nuria Domenech, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Munoz, Seyed Mahdi Darroudi, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler

2025 European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) (accepted for publication), June 2025.

CITE WEB BibTeX

"'Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Nuria Domenech, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Munoz, Seyed Mahdi Darroudi, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "2025 European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) (accepted for publication)", 2025

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@INPROCEEDINGS{adamuz2025,
      title={'Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic},
      author={Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa and Felix Delgado-Ferro and Nuria Domenech and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Pablo Munoz and Seyed Mahdi Darroudi and Pablo Ameigeiras and Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler},
      booktitle={2025 European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) (accepted for publication)},
      address={Poznan, Poland},
      month={June},
      year={2025},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/xxx},
      project={6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://www.eucnc.eu/}
}

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6G-LoRaGRAN: A Testbed for Researching LoRaWAN and 5G Integration

Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan M. Lopez-Soler

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC 2025), March 2025.

CITE WEB BibTeX

"6G-LoRaGRAN: A Testbed for Researching LoRaWAN and 5G Integration", Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Juan M. Lopez-Soler, "IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC 2025)", 2025

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@INPROCEEDINGS{chinchilla2024,
      title={6G-LoRaGRAN: A Testbed for Researching LoRaWAN and 5G Integration},
      author={Natalia Chinchilla-Romero and Jorge Navarro-Ortiz and Felix Delgado-Ferro and Juan M. Lopez-Soler},
      booktitle={IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC 2025)},
      address={Milan, Italy},
      month={March},
      year={2025},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/xxx},
      project={6gloragran|6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://wcnc2025.ieee-wcnc.org/}
}

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ORANUS: Latency-tailored Orchestration via Stochastic Network Calculus in 6G O-RAN

Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Lanfranco Zanzi, Vincenzo Sciancalepore, Andres Garcia-Saavedra, Xavier Costa-Perez

IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2024.

CITE WEB BibTeX

"ORANUS: Latency-tailored Orchestration via Stochastic Network Calculus in 6G O-RAN", Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Lanfranco Zanzi, Vincenzo Sciancalepore, Andres Garcia-Saavedra, Xavier Costa-Perez, "IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)", 2024

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@INPROCEEDINGS{adamuzhinojosa2024oranus,
      title={ORANUS: Latency-tailored Orchestration via Stochastic Network Calculus in 6G O-RAN},
      author={Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa and Lanfranco Zanzi and Vincenzo Sciancalepore and Andres Garcia-Saavedra and Xavier Costa-Perez},
      booktitle={IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)},
      address={Vancouver, Canada},
      year={2024},
      COMMENTdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621356},
      project={6gchronos|6ginspire},
      url={https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621356}
}

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Reduccion de la latencia en redes 5G-NR

Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler

XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023), November 2023.

CITE WEB BibTeX

"Reduccion de la latencia en redes 5G-NR", Felix Delgado-Ferro, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Natalia Chinchilla-Romero, Juan Manuel Lopez-Soler, "XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)", 2023

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@INPROCEEDINGS{JITEL202323,
   author       = {Delgado-Ferro, Felix and Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Chinchilla-Romero, Natalia and Lopez-Soler, Juan Manuel},
   title        = {Reduccion de la latencia en redes 5G-NR},
   booktitle    = {XVI Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica (JITEL 2023)},
   year         = {2023},
   month        = {November},
   address      = {Barcelona, Spain},
   COMMENTdoi   = {xxx},
   project      = {true5g|6gchronos|6ginspire},
   url          = {https://jitel2023.salleurl.edu/libro-actas}
}

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